【摘要】：兩壩間河谷狹窄陡峭，水流湍急，流態(tài)紊亂，灘險密布，通航條件十分險惡，其中水田角是長江著名的洪水急流灘，是兩壩間最困難的航段之一。為確保長江“黃金水道”的暢通，提高通航能力，對水田角灘段水流特性及航道整治方法進(jìn)行研究頗為重要。 本文采用二維水流數(shù)值模擬技術(shù)，對兩壩間水田角深水急灘的水流特性及其整治措施進(jìn)行了初步研究，主要工作內(nèi)容和研究成果有： (1)應(yīng)用兩壩間蓮沱段實(shí)際水文測驗資料對二維水流數(shù)學(xué)模型進(jìn)行了細(xì)致的驗證計算，獲取了能較好模擬該河段流場的糙率、網(wǎng)格密度等計算參數(shù)。 (2)運(yùn)用二維水流數(shù)學(xué)模型對研究河段進(jìn)行了多級洪水流量的流場計算，，詳細(xì)分析了灘段的水流條件，指出灘性為以流急礙航為主的基巖洪水急灘，而河谷狹窄、河寬沿程漸縮突擴(kuò)、流量與過水面積增率不適應(yīng)、流速橫向均勻分布等是成灘主因。 (3)通過常規(guī)的擴(kuò)大泄水?dāng)嗝娣ǖ榷喾N開挖方式的研究表明，僅用開挖來擴(kuò)大泄水面積的方法對陡岸型深水急灘的整治效果并不明顯，難以達(dá)到整治目標(biāo)。 (4)基于水深淺流速小的水力特性，提出了一種非常規(guī)急灘整治方法—潛壩致淺成緩法，通過對壩體參數(shù)多種組合的調(diào)試計算，結(jié)果表明，僅僅依靠潛壩致淺成緩也難以大幅改善水田角上灘水流條件，其整治效果僅稍優(yōu)于擴(kuò)大泄水?dāng)嗝娣ā?(5)綜合擴(kuò)大泄水?dāng)嗝娣ê蜐搲沃聹\成緩法，提出了一種“左疏右抬”的綜合整治方法，即對岸擴(kuò)大泄水?dāng)嗝�，本岸修筑潛壩減小水深形成緩流航道，可明顯改善急灘水流條件，較大幅度提高通航流量，達(dá)到整治目標(biāo)。 (6)最后分析了“左疏右抬”綜合整治方法的適用條件，該方法只適用于以流急礙航為主、兩岸具有“搭跳”上灘的平面和水流條件、洪枯水位變幅不大的庫區(qū)深水急灘。
[Abstract]:The river valley between the two dams is narrow and steep, the current is fast, the flow pattern is disordered, the beach is dangerous and the navigable conditions are very dangerous, among which the paddy field corner is the famous flood rapids of the Yangtze River and one of the most difficult sections between the two dams. In order to ensure the smooth running of the "golden channel" of the Yangtze River and improve the navigable capacity, it is very important to study the characteristics of the water flow and the regulation method of the waterway in the section of the Paddy Corner beach. In this paper, the flow characteristics and regulation measures of the deep-water rapids in the corner of the paddy field between the two dams are preliminarily studied by using the two-dimensional flow numerical simulation technique. The main work and research results are as follows: (1) by using the actual hydrological data of the Liantuo section between the two dams, the two-dimensional flow mathematical model is carefully verified and calculated, and the roughness of the flow field can be well simulated. (2) Two-dimensional flow mathematical model is used to calculate the flow field of multi-stage flood flow in the studied reach, and the flow condition of the beach section is analyzed in detail. It is pointed out that the beach character is the bedrock flood beach, which is dominated by the current and hindrance to navigation, while the river valley is narrow, the river width gradually shrinks along the course, and the flow rate is not suitable for the increase rate of the overflowing area. The horizontal uniform distribution of velocity is the main cause of beach formation. (3) through the study of various excavation methods such as the conventional method of expanding the drainage section, it is shown that the regulation effect of the method of expanding the drainage area only by excavation is not obvious for the steep shoreline type deep water rapids. It is difficult to reach the target of regulation. (4) based on the hydraulic characteristics of low velocity of shallow and deep water flow, a method of unconventional shoal regulation, submersible dam shallow-forming method, is proposed. The results show that the method is based on the adjustment and calculation of various combinations of dam body parameters. It is difficult to improve the flow condition of the upper beach of the paddy field by only relying on the shallow formation of submersible dam, and its regulation effect is only slightly better than the method of expanding the drainage section. (5) the comprehensive expansion of the drainage section method and the shallow formation gentle method caused by the submersible dam. In this paper, a comprehensive regulation method of "left, sparse and right lifting" is put forward, that is to say, expanding the drainage section across the bank and reducing the depth of the submersible dam on this bank to form a slow flow channel, which can obviously improve the flow conditions of the rapids and increase the navigable discharge by a large margin. (6) finally, the suitable conditions of the comprehensive regulation method of "left, sparse and right lift" are analyzed. The method is only suitable for the current and hindrance of navigation, and the two sides have the plane and flow conditions of "lap jump" on the beach. Flood and dry water level of the reservoir area with little change in deepwater rapids.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TV85

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