基于大數(shù)據(jù)決策支持的城市健康水系統(tǒng)平臺構(gòu)建及應(yīng)用
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-15 16:13
【摘要】：城市化進(jìn)程的快速推進(jìn),城市水系泄洪通道和原有生態(tài)系統(tǒng)被破壞等原因,導(dǎo)致“暴雨淹城”事故時(shí)有發(fā)生,城市水環(huán)境污染加劇,城市范圍內(nèi)社會水循環(huán)與自然水循環(huán)不和諧,不同區(qū)域之間水的供需矛盾較為突出。城市流域范圍內(nèi)分布著河流湖庫、給水廠、污水廠,污水廠排放口、次級河流河口與給水廠取水口相互交錯,水系統(tǒng)健康問題較為突出。城市快速擴(kuò)張過程中,城市土地覆蓋、水系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)演變迅速,傳統(tǒng)規(guī)劃建設(shè)體系難以系統(tǒng)、全面、快速地對城市健康水系統(tǒng)構(gòu)建進(jìn)行決策,通過大數(shù)據(jù)決策支持平臺為城市健康水系統(tǒng)構(gòu)建提供策略具有重要意義。研究在大數(shù)據(jù)的支持下,通過空間地理信息數(shù)據(jù)庫的構(gòu)建與城市健康水系統(tǒng)模型庫的研究,集成了基于網(wǎng)絡(luò)化格塊的水文響應(yīng)模型和水體環(huán)境模型,開發(fā)了城市健康水系統(tǒng)決策支持平臺,并在兩江新區(qū)水系統(tǒng)規(guī)劃建設(shè)與運(yùn)行管理中進(jìn)行應(yīng)用,為其城市健康水系統(tǒng)的構(gòu)建提供決策支持,得出兩江新區(qū)城市健康水系統(tǒng)構(gòu)建技術(shù)方案。研究取得的主要成果如下:(1)針對城市化過程中的健康水系統(tǒng)構(gòu)建需求,基于空間大數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行數(shù)字高程模型、遙感影像、氣象土壤等基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)以及流域單元、河流湖庫基礎(chǔ)資料、水質(zhì)監(jiān)測、水的利用與排放等水系統(tǒng)空間及屬性數(shù)據(jù),形成了海量、多樣、復(fù)雜、集成的空間大數(shù)據(jù)支持下的水系統(tǒng)數(shù)據(jù)庫。(2)基于數(shù)字高程模型水流方向的基本算法和地理信息系統(tǒng)空間拓?fù)潢P(guān)系,利用高精度網(wǎng)絡(luò)化格塊模擬實(shí)際降雨徑流路徑,構(gòu)建了支持大數(shù)據(jù)算法的城市下墊面水文響應(yīng)模型,建立了統(tǒng)一的土地利用分類體系,利用超高精度土地利用柵格對格塊的土地利用、土地覆蓋進(jìn)行水信息挖掘,總結(jié)了不同坡度、不同土壤質(zhì)地、不同土地類型的水文響應(yīng)徑流參數(shù),實(shí)現(xiàn)了水文響應(yīng)模型沿高精度網(wǎng)絡(luò)化格塊建立的徑流路徑,進(jìn)行徑流流量和污染物濃度的匯流演算。(3)在水文響應(yīng)模型的基礎(chǔ)上,構(gòu)建了適用于大數(shù)據(jù)分析的水體環(huán)境模型,模型在空間大數(shù)據(jù)系統(tǒng)的支持下進(jìn)行水體網(wǎng)格的概化和水系結(jié)構(gòu)的自行編號,采用隱式差分格式離散對水力水質(zhì)模型控制方程進(jìn)行離散,通過土地利用、降雨、水文、水質(zhì)監(jiān)測資料對水環(huán)境模型進(jìn)行參數(shù)率定,實(shí)現(xiàn)城市流域的水環(huán)境模擬。(4)開發(fā)了包括水信息大數(shù)據(jù)管理、水文響應(yīng)模型子系統(tǒng)、水體環(huán)境模型子系統(tǒng)的城市健康水系統(tǒng)決策支持平臺,并將決策支持平臺應(yīng)用到基于水環(huán)境目標(biāo)的城市未來健康水系統(tǒng)構(gòu)建中,可通過“設(shè)定情景—平臺決策支持—方案構(gòu)建”的交互模式,模擬不同情景條件下城市水系統(tǒng)健康狀況,并進(jìn)行可視化表達(dá),形成城市健康水系統(tǒng)構(gòu)建的綜合技術(shù)。(5)以兩江新區(qū)為例,建立兩江新區(qū)城市健康水系統(tǒng)決策支持平臺,對現(xiàn)狀發(fā)展、規(guī)劃發(fā)展、最低保障、嚴(yán)格保護(hù)四種情景下兩江城市水系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行模擬分析,預(yù)測了四種情景的水系統(tǒng)演變趨勢,結(jié)合模擬結(jié)果和城市經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展進(jìn)程,得出兩江新區(qū)城市健康水系統(tǒng)構(gòu)建技術(shù)方案。研究以地理信息系統(tǒng)為基礎(chǔ),水文響應(yīng)和水體環(huán)境模型為驅(qū)動,決策支持平臺為支撐,建立了城市健康水系統(tǒng)構(gòu)建的綜合技術(shù),考慮了水體本身及其流域土地利用的相互耦合作用,將為城市健康水系統(tǒng)的構(gòu)建、決策、管控提供共性技術(shù)和平臺支持,具有直接的參考意義和較高的應(yīng)用價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:The rapid progress of urbanization, the destruction of urban flood discharge channels and original ecosystems and other reasons have led to frequent "rainstorm flooding" accidents, aggravation of urban water pollution, disharmony between social water cycle and natural water cycle in urban areas, and more prominent contradictions between water supply and demand in different regions. In the process of rapid urban expansion, urban land cover, rapid evolution of water system structure, traditional planning and construction system is difficult to systematically, comprehensively and rapidly construct the urban healthy water system. It is of great significance to construct a decision-making platform and to provide strategies for the construction of urban healthy water system by means of large data. A decision support platform for urban healthy water system was developed and applied in the planning, construction and operation management of the water system in Liangjiang New Area to provide decision support for the construction of urban healthy water system. Water system construction needs, based on large spatial data, digital elevation model, remote sensing images, meteorological and soil data and basin units, basic River and lake data, water quality monitoring, water use and discharge and other water system spatial and attribute data, forming a large, diverse, complex, integrated spatial data support water system. Database. (2) Based on the basic algorithm of flow direction of digital elevation model and the spatial topological relationship of geographic information system, the hydrological response model of urban underlying surface supporting large data algorithm is constructed by using high-precision network grid to simulate the actual rainfall and runoff path, and a unified land use classification system is established. The hydrological response runoff parameters of different slope, soil texture and land type are summarized by using grid to mine water information of land use and land cover. The hydrological response model is established along the runoff path of high-precision network grid, and runoff flow and pollutant concentration are calculated. On the basis of the response model, a water environment model suitable for large-scale data analysis is constructed. The model is supported by the spatial large-scale data system to generalize the water grid and number the water system structure. The control equation of the hydraulic water quality model is discretized by the implicit difference scheme. The control equation of the hydraulic water quality model is discretized by land use, rainfall, hydrology and water quality monitoring. (4) A decision support platform for urban healthy water system including water information management, hydrological response model subsystem and water environment model subsystem was developed, and the decision support platform was applied to urban future health based on water environment objectives. In the process of water system construction, we can simulate the health status of urban water system under different scenarios through the interactive model of "setting scenarios-platform decision support-scheme construction", and visualize the expression to form a comprehensive technology of urban healthy water system construction. (5) Taking Liangjiang New Area as an example, the decision-making of urban healthy water system in Liangjiang New Area is established. Supporting the platform, simulating and analyzing the urban water system of Liangjiang under the four scenarios of current development, planning development, minimum guarantee and strict protection, predicting the evolution trend of the water system of the four scenarios, combining the simulation results with the process of urban economic development, the technical scheme of constructing the urban healthy water system of Liangjiang New Area is obtained. On the basis of hydrological response and water environment model driven and supported by decision support platform, a comprehensive technology for the construction of urban healthy water system is established. Considering the interaction between water body and land use in its basin, it will provide common technology and platform support for the construction, decision-making and management of urban healthy water system. Reference significance and high application value.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TV213.4;X52
，
本文編號：2184730
[Abstract]:The rapid progress of urbanization, the destruction of urban flood discharge channels and original ecosystems and other reasons have led to frequent "rainstorm flooding" accidents, aggravation of urban water pollution, disharmony between social water cycle and natural water cycle in urban areas, and more prominent contradictions between water supply and demand in different regions. In the process of rapid urban expansion, urban land cover, rapid evolution of water system structure, traditional planning and construction system is difficult to systematically, comprehensively and rapidly construct the urban healthy water system. It is of great significance to construct a decision-making platform and to provide strategies for the construction of urban healthy water system by means of large data. A decision support platform for urban healthy water system was developed and applied in the planning, construction and operation management of the water system in Liangjiang New Area to provide decision support for the construction of urban healthy water system. Water system construction needs, based on large spatial data, digital elevation model, remote sensing images, meteorological and soil data and basin units, basic River and lake data, water quality monitoring, water use and discharge and other water system spatial and attribute data, forming a large, diverse, complex, integrated spatial data support water system. Database. (2) Based on the basic algorithm of flow direction of digital elevation model and the spatial topological relationship of geographic information system, the hydrological response model of urban underlying surface supporting large data algorithm is constructed by using high-precision network grid to simulate the actual rainfall and runoff path, and a unified land use classification system is established. The hydrological response runoff parameters of different slope, soil texture and land type are summarized by using grid to mine water information of land use and land cover. The hydrological response model is established along the runoff path of high-precision network grid, and runoff flow and pollutant concentration are calculated. On the basis of the response model, a water environment model suitable for large-scale data analysis is constructed. The model is supported by the spatial large-scale data system to generalize the water grid and number the water system structure. The control equation of the hydraulic water quality model is discretized by the implicit difference scheme. The control equation of the hydraulic water quality model is discretized by land use, rainfall, hydrology and water quality monitoring. (4) A decision support platform for urban healthy water system including water information management, hydrological response model subsystem and water environment model subsystem was developed, and the decision support platform was applied to urban future health based on water environment objectives. In the process of water system construction, we can simulate the health status of urban water system under different scenarios through the interactive model of "setting scenarios-platform decision support-scheme construction", and visualize the expression to form a comprehensive technology of urban healthy water system construction. (5) Taking Liangjiang New Area as an example, the decision-making of urban healthy water system in Liangjiang New Area is established. Supporting the platform, simulating and analyzing the urban water system of Liangjiang under the four scenarios of current development, planning development, minimum guarantee and strict protection, predicting the evolution trend of the water system of the four scenarios, combining the simulation results with the process of urban economic development, the technical scheme of constructing the urban healthy water system of Liangjiang New Area is obtained. On the basis of hydrological response and water environment model driven and supported by decision support platform, a comprehensive technology for the construction of urban healthy water system is established. Considering the interaction between water body and land use in its basin, it will provide common technology and platform support for the construction, decision-making and management of urban healthy water system. Reference significance and high application value.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TV213.4;X52
，
本文編號：2184730
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