【摘要】：我國(guó)位于狹窄河谷的大型水利水電工程在泄洪方面的主要特點(diǎn)是高水頭、大流量、大泄洪功率，泄洪安全問(wèn)題十分突出。高拱壩水墊塘作為防護(hù)下游河床的結(jié)構(gòu)，其自身在高速水流沖擊下的安全性是實(shí)現(xiàn)消能和防沖目的的關(guān)鍵所在，，國(guó)內(nèi)外都不乏破壞的實(shí)例。錦屏一級(jí)水電站屬于典型的高拱壩泄洪、挑跌流消能的布置型式，具有水頭高、泄量大、泄洪消能水力條件與水墊塘工作條件和破壞機(jī)理復(fù)雜的特點(diǎn)，而水墊塘泄洪消能安全問(wèn)題是錦屏一級(jí)水電站運(yùn)行安全的主要因素之一。本文結(jié)合高拱壩（主要為錦屏一級(jí)）水墊塘底板泄洪振動(dòng)原型觀測(cè)資料，利用多種信號(hào)處理技術(shù)，研究了水墊塘底板在泄洪狀態(tài)下的振動(dòng)特性，研究的主要內(nèi)容包括： （一）錦屏一級(jí)水墊塘動(dòng)水壓力特性研究。結(jié)合錦屏一級(jí)水電站原型觀測(cè)成果、模型試驗(yàn)成果，分析了錦屏一級(jí)水墊塘底板脈動(dòng)壓力大小、分布規(guī)律，以及脈動(dòng)壓力的頻域特性。 （二）錦屏一級(jí)水墊塘底板泄洪振動(dòng)特性研究。結(jié)合錦屏一級(jí)水墊塘泄洪振動(dòng)原型觀測(cè)資料，重點(diǎn)分析了不同運(yùn)行工況下底板結(jié)構(gòu)振動(dòng)響應(yīng)的強(qiáng)度特征、振動(dòng)過(guò)程變化特征，以及泄洪開孔方式、泄流量對(duì)底板振動(dòng)強(qiáng)度的影響；應(yīng)用現(xiàn)代譜估計(jì)方法，對(duì)底板的泄洪振動(dòng)信號(hào)進(jìn)行頻譜分析，研究了錦屏一級(jí)水墊塘底板泄洪振動(dòng)的主頻分布規(guī)律；根據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)原理，對(duì)錦屏一級(jí)水墊塘底板泄洪振動(dòng)信號(hào)的數(shù)理統(tǒng)計(jì)特征進(jìn)行了分析。 （三）高拱壩水墊塘底板泄洪振動(dòng)特性研究。結(jié)合錦屏一級(jí)、拉西瓦、二灘和溪洛渡水墊塘泄洪振動(dòng)原型觀測(cè)資料，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)代譜分析方法和相關(guān)性分析方法，探討了高拱壩水墊塘底板振動(dòng)的頻域特性及相關(guān)性特性。 （四）錦屏一級(jí)水墊塘泄洪振動(dòng)響應(yīng)數(shù)值模擬計(jì)算與安全監(jiān)控指標(biāo)�；谟邢拊砗陀�(jì)算方法，在ANSYS中建立錦屏一級(jí)水墊塘底板的有限元模型，采用原型和模型試驗(yàn)中實(shí)測(cè)的水流脈動(dòng)荷載加載到有限元模型上，利用原型荷載計(jì)算的結(jié)果和實(shí)測(cè)的原型振動(dòng)位移數(shù)據(jù)比對(duì)，驗(yàn)證計(jì)算模型的可靠性，再對(duì)極限泄洪工況下底板的振動(dòng)位移進(jìn)行了動(dòng)力響應(yīng)數(shù)值模擬計(jì)算，并對(duì)計(jì)算結(jié)果進(jìn)行了分析。最后，綜合原型觀測(cè)成果，結(jié)合模型試驗(yàn)、數(shù)值模擬計(jì)算結(jié)果，并借鑒其它工程經(jīng)驗(yàn)，提出了錦屏一級(jí)水墊塘底板各安全預(yù)警等級(jí)下各個(gè)監(jiān)測(cè)指標(biāo)的范圍。
[Abstract]:The main characteristics of large water conservancy and hydropower projects in the narrow valley in China in flood discharge are high water head, large discharge, large flood discharge power and flood discharge safety problems. As the structure of protecting downstream riverbed, the safety of high arch dam water cushion pond under the impact of high speed water flow is the key to achieve the purpose of energy dissipation and erosion prevention, and there are many examples of destruction at home and abroad. The first stage hydropower station in Jinping is a typical high arch dam for flood discharge and energy dissipation. It has the characteristics of high head, large discharge, complex hydraulic conditions of flood discharge, working conditions and failure mechanism of water cushion pond. The safety of flood discharge and energy dissipation in water cushion pond is one of the main factors for the operation safety of Jinping I Hydropower Station. In this paper, the vibration characteristics of the bottom slab of a high arch dam (mainly Jinping 1) under flood discharge are studied by using various signal processing techniques. The main contents are as follows: (1) study on dynamic pressure characteristics of Jinping first class water cushion pond. Based on the prototype observation results and model test results of Jinping I Hydropower Station, the size, distribution law and frequency domain characteristics of fluctuating pressure on bottom plate of Jinping first stage water cushion pond are analyzed. (2) study on the characteristics of flood discharge vibration of the bottom plate of the first stage water cushion pond in Jinping. Based on the prototype observation data of flood discharge in Jinping primary water cushion pond, the intensity characteristics of vibration response of floor structure under different operating conditions, the variation characteristics of vibration process, and the opening mode of flood discharge are analyzed. The effect of discharge on the vibration intensity of bottom plate, the frequency spectrum analysis of flood discharge vibration signal of bottom plate by using modern spectrum estimation method, the main frequency distribution law of flood discharge vibration of bottom plate in Jinping first class water cushion pond are studied. The mathematical and statistical characteristics of flood discharge vibration signals of the bottom plate of the first stage cushion pond in Jinping are analyzed. (3) study on the characteristics of flood discharge vibration of bottom slab of water cushion pond of high arch dam. Based on the prototype observation data of flood discharge vibration of water cushion ponds in Jinping class, Laxiwa, Ertan and Xiluodu, the frequency domain and correlation characteristics of bottom vibration of water cushion ponds of high arch dams are discussed by using modern spectral analysis method and correlation analysis method. (4) numerical simulation calculation and safety monitoring index of flood discharge vibration response of Jinping water cushion pond. Based on the finite element principle and calculation method, the finite element model of the bottom plate of the first stage water cushion pond in Jinping is established in ANSYS. The flow pulsating load is loaded into the finite element model by using the prototype and the measured flow pulsation load in the model test. The reliability of the calculation model is verified by comparing the results of the prototype load calculation with the measured data of the prototype vibration displacement, and then the dynamic response numerical simulation of the vibration displacement of the bottom plate under the limit flood discharge condition is carried out. The calculation results are analyzed. Finally, based on the prototype observation results, combined with model tests, numerical simulation results and other engineering experiences, the range of monitoring indexes for each safety warning level of the bottom plate of the first stage cushion pond in Jinping is put forward.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TV653

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