【摘要】：基于抽水蓄能電站在電網(wǎng)中擔(dān)當(dāng)?shù)恼{(diào)峰填谷、調(diào)頻、調(diào)相、緊急事故備用等獨特作用和顯著的經(jīng)濟效益、生態(tài)環(huán)境效益,我國抽水蓄能電站建設(shè)從上世紀(jì)90年代進入快速發(fā)展時期,并成為我國電力工業(yè)中不可缺少的重要組成部分。與常規(guī)水電站相比,抽水蓄能電站的庫容相對較小,上、下庫循環(huán)抽放水運行,機組頻繁進行啟動與停機過程。因此,河流上修建抽水蓄能電站時,在項目規(guī)劃設(shè)計階段必須對泥沙問題進行充分研究。本文針對某抽水蓄能電站下庫區(qū)頻率洪水過程的泥沙問題進行模擬和優(yōu)化研究。首先,本文針對某抽水蓄能電站專用臨時水文站實測水沙資料較少的實際問題,利用相鄰李青店水文站和白土崗水文站位作為水沙設(shè)計的參考站,基于三個流域范圍同屬于一個侵蝕模數(shù)區(qū)、多年平均降雨量在同一等值區(qū)、產(chǎn)匯流條件相近等特點,采用水文比擬法對下水庫長系列年和頻率洪水來水來沙進行分析設(shè)計。其次,利用河工模型對某抽水蓄能電站下庫區(qū)進行了特征洪水過程及電站運行的聯(lián)合模擬試驗。試驗表明在輸沙槽與攔沙潛堰共同作用下,比較好的調(diào)控了主流輸沙,但是底部渾水會逆行至電站進出水口附近,導(dǎo)致過機含沙量較高。20年頻率洪水期抽水蓄能工況運行時,實測含沙量在0.25~1.1kg/m3之間,高于抽水蓄能電站安全運行過機含沙量值。同時,發(fā)現(xiàn)由于泄洪排沙洞進流不暢、泄流能力不足等問題,導(dǎo)致其拉沙、排沙效果不是很好。針對物理模型試驗中發(fā)現(xiàn)的問題,本文提出增設(shè)非封閉式攔沙潛丁壩和加高攔沙潛壩的優(yōu)化方案一與改變泄洪排沙洞進口位置和擴大進口尺寸,變動原設(shè)計方案圍堰位置的優(yōu)化方案二,并基于MIKE21 FM系列軟件,對其原設(shè)計方案和優(yōu)化方案進行不同運行工況的二維水沙數(shù)值模擬。模擬結(jié)果顯示,與原設(shè)計方案相比,優(yōu)化方案一對于減小下庫區(qū)泥沙淤積總量的效果并不突出,但是明顯降低了電站進/出水口前的泥沙淤積厚度。優(yōu)化方案二在電站不運行工況下,泥沙淤積量減少了3.563萬m3,排沙比增加22.52%;在電站發(fā)電運行工況下,泥沙淤積量減少了2.006萬m3,排沙比增加12.77%,極大的降低了庫區(qū)泥沙淤積總量,同時對于電站進/出水口前泥沙淤積厚度的減小幅度與優(yōu)化方案一基本保持一致。
[Abstract]:Based on the unique function and remarkable economic benefit, ecological and environmental benefit of pumped storage power station in power network, such as peak and valley regulation, frequency modulation, phase adjustment, emergency standby, etc. The construction of pumped storage power stations in China has entered a period of rapid development from the 1990s and has become an indispensable part of the electric power industry in China. Compared with conventional hydropower stations, the storage capacity of pumped storage power station is relatively small. Therefore, during the construction of pumped storage power stations on rivers, the sediment problem must be fully studied in the stage of project planning and design. In this paper, the sediment problem of frequency flood in reservoir area under a pumped storage power station is simulated and optimized. First of all, aiming at the practical problem that the measured water and sediment data of a special temporary hydrological station of a pumped storage power station is less, the adjacent Li Qing hydrologic station and the Baitugang hydrologic station are used as reference stations for the design of water and sediment. Based on the characteristics that the three basins belong to the same erosion modulus area, the annual average rainfall is in the same equivalent area, and the conditions of runoff production and confluence are similar, the hydrological analogy method is used to analyze and design the flood sediment for the long series of years and the frequency of the lower reservoir. Secondly, the combined simulation test of characteristic flood process and operation of a pumped storage power station in the reservoir area is carried out by using the river engineering model. The test results show that under the combined action of the channel and the submerged Weir, the mainstream sediment transport is well regulated, but the bottom muddy water will retrograde near the inlet and outlet of the power station, resulting in a higher sediment content. The measured sediment content between 0.25~1.1kg/m3 and Pumped-storage Power Station is higher than that of Pumped-Storage Power Station. At the same time, it is found that the effect of sand discharge is not very good because of the problems such as poor inflow and insufficient discharge capacity of flood discharge and sand discharge tunnel. In view of the problems found in the physical model test, this paper puts forward the optimization scheme of adding non-enclosed submerged dipping dike and heightening silt-arresting submersible dam. One is to change the inlet position and enlarge the size of the inlet of the flood discharge and sand discharge tunnel. Based on the MIKE21 FM series software, the original design scheme and optimization scheme are simulated under different operating conditions. The simulation results show that, compared with the original design, the effect of the optimization scheme 1 on reducing the total sediment deposition in the lower reservoir area is not obvious, but the sediment deposition thickness before the inlet / outlet of the power station is obviously reduced. Under the condition that the power station is not in operation, the sediment deposition amount is reduced by 35630 m3 and the sediment discharge ratio is increased by 22.522.Under the operation condition of the power generation plant, the sediment deposition amount is reduced by 20060 m3, and the sediment discharge ratio is increased by 12.77%, which greatly reduces the total sediment deposition in the reservoir area. At the same time, the decrease of sediment deposition thickness before the inlet / outlet of the power station is basically consistent with the optimized scheme.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北水利水電大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TV743

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