【摘要】：濟(jì)南是因泉而生的千年古城,一座聞名世界的“泉城”。快速的城市化,使這座山地與平原復(fù)合型的城市也面臨著下墊面硬化嚴(yán)重、流域水文生態(tài)惡化等問題,導(dǎo)致市區(qū)巖溶地下水位大幅度降低、巖溶泉水?dāng)嗔�、泉眼停涌。泉水的停噴致使以泉聞名天下的城市特色正逐漸失去,如何積極有效地開展流域水文生態(tài)治理,促使泉水自然噴涌已成為保護(hù)濟(jì)南古泉遺產(chǎn)的當(dāng)務(wù)之急。本文通過對比分析濟(jì)南市多年平均降雨量與泉水流量的變化趨勢,縱向比較濟(jì)南市城市用地多年的改變情況,探尋濟(jì)南城市化對其區(qū)域水文造成的影響,試從流域的角度提出改善其水文條件的方法。同時擴(kuò)展歷史遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)的范圍,結(jié)合濟(jì)南泉水的成因機(jī)制及其流量衰減原因,提出了歷史遺產(chǎn)的“源頭保護(hù)”概念。從城市宏觀、中觀、微觀層面,通過引入海綿城市理念,合理安排低影響開發(fā)設(shè)施,恢復(fù)雨水徑流的下滲通道和下滲量,通過流域水文生態(tài)治理,實現(xiàn)泉水的自然常態(tài)性噴涌。同時,為檢驗濟(jì)南泉水遺產(chǎn)源頭保護(hù)規(guī)劃的可行性和可實施性,本文最后選取濟(jì)南市南部山區(qū)內(nèi)的某一新建片區(qū)作為流域水文生態(tài)治理的案例,該片區(qū)基于海綿城市理念進(jìn)行開發(fā)建設(shè),利用雨水管理模型SWMM對建設(shè)前后雨水徑流量進(jìn)行了模擬分析,以驗證研究內(nèi)容的科學(xué)合理性。本研究的結(jié)論主要有以下幾個方面:(1)論證了歷史遺產(chǎn)源頭保護(hù)的可行性。根據(jù)濟(jì)南泉水的成因機(jī)制,提出泉水遺產(chǎn)源頭保護(hù)的思路。分別從宏觀、中觀、微觀層面制定了泉域生態(tài)修復(fù)與雨水徑流控制目標(biāo)和規(guī)劃方案。通過規(guī)劃的實施,實現(xiàn)泉域年雨水調(diào)蓄促滲量602.9萬m3,從源頭補(bǔ)充地下水,恢復(fù)泉水的常年自然噴涌,從而達(dá)到濟(jì)南古泉遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)的目的。(2)將現(xiàn)代生態(tài)技術(shù)理念引入歷史遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)體系。由于濟(jì)南泉水停噴的原因是維持其噴涌的自然力遭受到了破壞,因此與傳統(tǒng)歷史遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)方法不同,其采用的遺產(chǎn)修復(fù)方法是通過生態(tài)治理修復(fù)維持泉水噴涌的自然力。本文根據(jù)濟(jì)南泉水的實際情況,針對源頭區(qū)域雨水入滲補(bǔ)給量減少的問題,利用海綿城市現(xiàn)代生態(tài)技術(shù)理念對泉水源頭地下水補(bǔ)給區(qū)域進(jìn)行生態(tài)修復(fù),通過對雨水的調(diào)蓄控制,促進(jìn)雨水下滲,進(jìn)而提升下游市區(qū)地下水位,促進(jìn)泉水自然噴涌。(3)流域尺度層面的海綿城市建設(shè)有利于區(qū)域自然水文生態(tài)的修復(fù)和改善。本研究根據(jù)泉域水量平衡計算,得出流域水文生態(tài)修復(fù)目標(biāo),采用海綿城市理念,合理布局低影響開發(fā)設(shè)施,在泉水源頭補(bǔ)給區(qū)域攔蓄、促滲雨水徑流。使泉域年雨水徑流總量控制率達(dá)到73%以上,提高下游城區(qū)地下水位,減弱局部區(qū)域的土地開發(fā)建設(shè)對整個泉域水文的影響。
[Abstract]:Jinan is a thousand-year-old city born of spring, a famous world-famous "spring city." With the rapid urbanization, the complex city of mountain and plain is also faced with the problems of serious hardening of the underlying surface and deterioration of hydrology and ecology in the watershed, which leads to a large reduction of the karst groundwater level in the urban area, a cut off of the karst spring water and a stoppage of the spring water. The stoppage of spring water causes the characteristic of the city which is famous all over the world to be gradually lost. How to carry out the watershed hydrological ecological treatment actively and effectively, and to promote the spring natural spewing has become the urgent matter of protecting the ancient spring heritage of Jinan. By comparing and analyzing the variation trend of annual average rainfall and spring water flow in Jinan City, this paper compares the change of urban land use in Jinan City for many years, and explores the influence of Jinan urbanization on regional hydrology. From the point of view of river basin, the paper puts forward a method to improve its hydrological condition. At the same time, the concept of "source protection" of historical heritage is put forward by extending the scope of historical heritage protection, combining with the formation mechanism of Jinan spring water and the reason of flow attenuation. From the macro, meso and micro levels of the city, the concept of sponge city is introduced, the low influence development facilities are arranged reasonably, the seepage channel and quantity of Rain Water runoff are restored, and the natural normal spouting of spring water is realized through the hydroecological treatment of the watershed. At the same time, in order to test the feasibility and practicability of Jinan spring water heritage protection planning, this paper selects a newly built area in the southern mountainous area of Jinan as a case of watershed hydro-ecological management. The area is developed and constructed based on the concept of sponge city, and the Rain Water management model SWMM is used to simulate and analyze the runoff of Rain Water before and after construction, in order to verify the scientific rationality of the research content. The main conclusions of this study are as follows: (1) the feasibility of historical heritage protection is demonstrated. According to the origin mechanism of Jinan spring water, the idea of spring water heritage protection is put forward. The ecological restoration of spring region and the Rain Water runoff control goal and planning plan were established from the macro, meso and micro levels respectively. Through the implementation of the plan, the annual Rain Water storage and seepage promotion amount of 6.029 million m3 is realized in the spring region. The groundwater is replenished from the source, and the natural spring water is restored all year round. In order to achieve the purpose of Jinan ancient spring heritage protection. (2) the concept of modern ecological technology into the historical heritage protection system. The reason why Jinan spring water stops spraying is that the natural force that maintains its spewing is destroyed. Therefore, different from the traditional methods of historical heritage protection, the method of heritage restoration is to maintain the natural force of spring water through ecological restoration. According to the actual situation of spring water in Jinan, aiming at the problem of reducing the amount of Rain Water infiltration in source area, this paper uses the modern ecological technology concept of sponge city to carry on ecological restoration to groundwater recharge area of spring water source, and through regulating and storing control of Rain Water, Promote the infiltration of Rain Water, and then raise the underground water level in the lower urban areas, promote natural spring spout. (3) Sponge city construction on the scale of river basin is conducive to the restoration and improvement of regional natural hydrology and ecology. According to the calculation of water balance in spring region, the aim of hydro-ecological restoration in the basin was obtained. The concept of sponge city was adopted, and the low influence development facilities were rationally distributed, and the Rain Water runoff was blocked and seeped in the supply area of spring water source. The annual control rate of Rain Water runoff in spring region is more than 73%, which increases the groundwater level in the downstream area and weakens the influence of land development and construction in local area on the hydrology of the whole spring region.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京建筑大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：K878;TV213.4

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