【摘要】：澆筑式瀝青混凝土心墻壩具有施工方便快捷以及嚴寒條件下亦可施工等優(yōu)點，應用越來越廣。但我國是一個多地震的國家，地震活動分布范圍較廣，，地震震源較淺，破壞力較大。那么，在地震頻發(fā)的地區(qū)建設澆筑式瀝青混凝土心墻壩，其抗震性狀究竟如何，是目前急需解決的問題。 本文采用試驗研究、理論分析和數(shù)值模擬相結(jié)合的方法。首先，從材料層面研究了澆筑式瀝青混凝土材料的動本構(gòu)特性；其次，從結(jié)構(gòu)層面對澆筑式瀝青混凝土心墻壩進行了靜動力計算分析和抗震安全評價，探討了不同厚度的覆蓋層對心墻壩動力響應的影響規(guī)律；最后，在此基礎上，對澆筑式瀝青混凝土的靜動力本構(gòu)模型參數(shù)進行了敏感性分析。主要研究內(nèi)容如下： （1）澆筑式瀝青混凝土的動本構(gòu)特性試驗研究。選用新疆某澆筑式瀝青混凝土材料，進行動本構(gòu)特性試驗。研究澆筑式瀝青混凝土材料的動應力-應變、動彈性模量和阻尼比的變化規(guī)律；在瀝青用量為9.0%和11.0%的條件下，分別探討不同圍壓、主應力比和頻率對澆筑式瀝青混凝土材料的動應力-應變、動彈性模量和阻尼比的影響。研究結(jié)果表明：澆筑式瀝青混凝土材料動應力-應變骨干曲線變化基本符合雙曲線規(guī)律；圍壓和主應力比對材料的動強度、動模量和阻尼比的影響較大，而頻率影響較小；瀝青用量由9.0%增加到11.0%時，動彈性模量降低幅度達到20％左右。 （2）Hardin-Drnevich模型的改進及動力計算程序的編制。根據(jù)試驗成果，對最大動模量計算公式用于瀝青混凝土時進行了改進，運用改進的公式計算值與試驗值進行了對比驗證。在此基礎上，對Hardin-Drnevich模型進行了改進。以有限元軟件ADINA為基礎，基于改進的Hardin-Drnevich模型，編制了土石壩地震動力計算程序。在此程序的基礎上，采用沈珠江殘余變形增量模型，編制了土石壩永久變形計算程序，并用算例驗證程序計算結(jié)果的正確性和適用性。 （3）澆筑式瀝青混凝土心墻壩動力計算及抗震安全評價。利用ADINA軟件和編寫的動力計算程序，針對壩高66m的新疆某澆筑式瀝青混凝土心墻壩分別進行靜動力有限元計算分析；研究了澆筑式瀝青混凝土心墻壩的靜動力工作性狀及變化規(guī)律，并對該心墻壩進行抗震安全評價；在此基礎上，探討不同厚度的覆蓋層對心墻的影響規(guī)律。研究結(jié)果表明：1）壩體和心墻絕對加速度及位移的最大值分布規(guī)律均表現(xiàn)為從壩基到壩頂逐步增大，在壩頂?shù)母浇_到極大值；當心墻瀝青用量由9％增大到11％時，心墻的絕對加速度有明顯減小。2）澆筑式瀝青混凝土心墻壩頂中部及附近永久變形最為明顯；心墻豎向永久變形發(fā)生在心墻頂?shù)闹胁扛浇�，最大變形�?6.8cm，約占壩高的0.25%；當瀝青用量增大到11％時，心墻最大豎向永久變形增大到18.7cm；瀝青心墻在地震中的豎向沉陷大于順河向和橫河向的變形，地震變形主要表現(xiàn)為震陷。心墻在兩岸壩肩頂部存在低壓應力區(qū)，該部位是地震災害工程中容易發(fā)生開裂的部位；過渡料層有潛在發(fā)生液化的可能性，但主要區(qū)域集中在上游過渡料層的頂部，因此基本不會對心墻壩帶來危害。3）覆蓋層厚度對心墻的絕對加速度和動位移影響較大，對心墻的動應力影響較小。 （4）澆筑式瀝青混凝土本構(gòu)模型參數(shù)敏感性分析。以新疆某澆筑式瀝青混凝土心墻壩為研究對象，分別采用單因素和多因素分析方法，對澆筑式瀝青混凝土靜動力本構(gòu)模型參數(shù)進行敏感性分析。在多因素分析方法中，分別采用了極差和方差分析方法對考察指標進行了分析，詳細探討澆筑式瀝青混凝土本構(gòu)模型參數(shù)對心墻靜動力仿真計算結(jié)果的敏感性。根據(jù)靜動力本構(gòu)模型參數(shù)的敏感性分析可知，針對不同的試驗指標，參數(shù)對試驗指標的敏感性會有一定的差異。因此，要根據(jù)具體要求選擇重要的試驗指標，以關(guān)鍵試驗指標的參數(shù)敏感性為基礎，同時兼顧參數(shù)對其他試驗指標的敏感性進行綜合分析研究。
[Abstract]:The pouring asphalt concrete core wall dam has many advantages, such as convenient construction and rapid construction, and the application is more and more widely used. However, China is a country with many earthquakes, the seismic activity is widely distributed, the seismic source is shallow, and the destructive force is great. What is the nature of earthquake is urgently needed to solve.
In this paper, experimental research, theoretical analysis and numerical simulation are used. First, the dynamic constitutive properties of the pouring asphalt concrete are studied from the material level. Secondly, the static and dynamic calculation analysis and the earthquake resistance safety evaluation are carried out on the pouring asphalt concrete core wall dam from the structure layer, and the cover layer with different thickness is discussed. In the end, the parameters of the static and dynamic constitutive model of the pouring asphalt concrete are analyzed. The main contents are as follows:
(1) experimental study on the dynamic constitutive properties of the pouring asphalt concrete. The dynamic constitutive properties of a cast asphalt concrete in Xinjiang were selected to study the dynamic stress strain, the dynamic elastic modulus and the damping ratio of the pouring asphalt concrete. Under the conditions of 9% and 11% of the asphalt, the different girth of the asphalt concrete were discussed. The effect of pressure, principal stress ratio and frequency on the dynamic stress strain, dynamic elastic modulus and damping ratio of pouring asphalt concrete material. The results show that the dynamic stress strain curve of the pouring asphalt concrete material is basically in accordance with the hyperbolic law; the dynamic strength, the dynamic modulus and the damping ratio of the confining pressure and the main stress ratio are to the material. The influence of the asphalt content increased from 9% to 11%, and the dynamic elastic modulus decreased by 20%.
(2) the improvement of the Hardin-Drnevich model and the compilation of the dynamic calculation program. According to the experimental results, the maximum dynamic modulus calculation formula is improved. The calculated value of the improved formula is compared with the test value. On this basis, the Hardin-Drnevich model is improved. The finite element software ADINA is used. Based on the improved Hardin-Drnevich model, the seismic dynamic calculation program of earth rockfill dam is compiled. On the basis of this program, the calculation program of permanent deformation of earth rock dam is compiled with the residual deformation increment model of Shen Zhujiang, and the correctness and applicability of the calculation results are verified by an example.
(3) the dynamic calculation and aseismic safety evaluation of the pouring asphalt concrete core wall dam. The static and dynamic finite element analysis of a pouring asphalt concrete core wall dam in Xinjiang is analyzed with the software of ADINA and the dynamic calculation program written in this paper. The static and dynamic working characters and changes of the pouring asphalt concrete core wall dam are studied. On the basis of this, the effect of the cover layer with different thickness on the core wall is discussed. The results show that: 1) the maximum distribution of the absolute acceleration and displacement of the dam and the heart wall is gradually increased from the dam foundation to the top of the dam, and the maximum value is reached near the top of the dam; the core wall is on the wall. When the amount of asphalt is increased from 9% to 11%, the absolute acceleration of the core wall is obviously reduced by.2). The permanent deformation of the top and near the crest of the concrete core wall is most obvious. The vertical permanent deformation of the core wall occurs near the center of the top of the core wall, and the maximum deformation is about 16.8cm, about 0.25% of the height of the dam. When the asphalt content increases to 11%, the heart wall is increased. The maximum vertical permanent deformation increases to 18.7cm, and the vertical subsidence of the asphalt core wall in the earthquake is greater than the deformation of the river direction and the Henghe direction. The seismic deformation is mainly reflected in the seismic subsidence. The core wall has the low pressure stress zone on the top of the abutment on both sides of the Taiwan Straits, which is the part of the seismic disaster engineering which is prone to crack, and the transition layer has potential liquefaction. But the main area is concentrated in the top of the upstream transition layer, so it is not harmful to the core wall dams.3). The thickness of the cover layer has great influence on the absolute acceleration and dynamic displacement of the core wall, and the dynamic stress of the heart wall is less.
(4) the parameter sensitivity analysis of the pouring asphalt concrete constitutive model. The sensitivity analysis of the parameters of the static and dynamic constitutive model of the pouring asphalt concrete is carried out by the method of single factor and multi factor analysis in Xinjiang. The difference analysis method is used to analyze the investigation index, and the sensitivity of the parameters of the asphalt concrete constitutive model to the static and dynamic simulation results of the core wall is discussed in detail. According to the sensitivity analysis of the parameters of the static dynamic constitutive model, the sensitivity of the parameters to the test indexes will be different. The important test indexes should be selected according to the specific requirements, based on the sensitivity of the parameters of the key test indexes, and the sensitivity of the parameters to other test indexes should be analyzed and studied comprehensively.
【學位授予單位】：新疆農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TV642;TV312

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