極端波浪作用下的橋梁限位控制研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-06 16:15
【摘要】：颶風(fēng)伊萬(wàn)和卡特里娜在美國(guó)墨西哥灣沿岸造成了大量的低矮跨海橋梁嚴(yán)重?fù)p毀。颶風(fēng)風(fēng)暴潮和巨型波浪在橋梁上部結(jié)構(gòu)上產(chǎn)生了顯著的豎向和水平波浪力,導(dǎo)致橋面板發(fā)生位移甚至落梁。針對(duì)這一工程災(zāi)害問(wèn)題,目前已有學(xué)者開(kāi)展了波浪對(duì)橋梁上部結(jié)構(gòu)作用的研究,主要集中在波浪作用機(jī)理以及波浪荷載估計(jì)方法上,針對(duì)橋梁上部結(jié)構(gòu)受波浪作用防護(hù)措施仍缺乏相關(guān)研究。鋼纜限位器是一種在地震工程中用以防止橋梁落梁的裝置,以其簡(jiǎn)潔、廉價(jià)、高效的特點(diǎn)獲得了廣泛應(yīng)用。本文針對(duì)應(yīng)用鋼纜限位器防止極端波浪引起的橋梁落梁進(jìn)行了研究,利用數(shù)值手段模擬橋梁在極端波浪作用下的響應(yīng),對(duì)比限位器與其他防護(hù)裝置的橋梁上部結(jié)構(gòu)位移限制效果,主要內(nèi)容包括:(1)基于OpenSees軟件平臺(tái),使用平滑動(dòng)支承單元替換常用的零長(zhǎng)度單元,并考慮鋼筋混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)非線性特征以及土體的作用建立了改進(jìn)的三維橋梁有限元模型。改進(jìn)后的模型能夠更準(zhǔn)確的模擬橋梁上部結(jié)構(gòu)受到的水平約束力隨豎向波浪荷載的變化過(guò)程。(2)利用建成的數(shù)值模型,分析比較了無(wú)約束、防震擋塊約束以及限位器約束時(shí),在極端波浪荷載作用下的橋面板和橋墩的位移響應(yīng)。分析結(jié)果表明應(yīng)用鋼纜限位器可以將橋面板的殘余位移減少至無(wú)約束結(jié)構(gòu)殘余位移的7%;與抗震擋塊約束下的結(jié)果相比,應(yīng)用鋼纜限位器能夠在減小橋梁上部結(jié)構(gòu)位移的同時(shí)避免造成下部結(jié)構(gòu)損傷�？紤]到跨海橋梁下部結(jié)構(gòu)的建設(shè)維護(hù)造價(jià)較高,使用鋼纜限位器能夠獲得更為理想的結(jié)構(gòu)破壞防護(hù)效果。(3)進(jìn)行了鋼纜限位器的參數(shù)化分析,對(duì)在不同強(qiáng)度的波浪荷載下,限位器的布置根數(shù)、夾角和預(yù)設(shè)間隙的寬度對(duì)橋面板位移響應(yīng)、橋墩內(nèi)力響應(yīng)以及限位器內(nèi)力響應(yīng)的影響。參數(shù)化分析結(jié)果表明:限位器的根數(shù)只需保證限位器在最大波浪力作用下的變形不超過(guò)彈性極限;當(dāng)限位器與水平方向的夾角較大時(shí),減小預(yù)設(shè)間隙的寬度可以獲得更好的控制效果。
[Abstract]:Hurricane Ivan and Katrina have caused massive damage to low-rise sea bridges along the U. S. Gulf Coast. Storm surges and giant waves have produced significant vertical and horizontal wave forces on the superstructure of the bridge resulting in the displacement of the deck and even the fall of the beam. In view of this engineering disaster problem, some scholars have carried out researches on the effect of wave on the superstructure of bridge, mainly focusing on the wave action mechanism and wave load estimation method. There is still a lack of relevant research on the protection measures for the superstructure of bridge subjected to wave action. Steel cable limiter is a kind of device used to prevent bridge from falling beam in seismic engineering. It has been widely used because of its simplicity, low cost and high efficiency. In this paper, the application of steel cable limiter to prevent bridge beam falling caused by extreme waves is studied, and the response of bridge under extreme wave action is simulated by numerical method. The main contents are as follows: (1) based on the OpenSees software platform, the flat sliding support unit is used to replace the commonly used zero length element. Considering the nonlinear characteristics of reinforced concrete structure and the function of soil, an improved 3D bridge finite element model is established. The improved model can more accurately simulate the variation process of the horizontal binding force on the bridge superstructure with vertical wave loads. (2) using the built numerical model, the unconstrained, anti-shock block and locator constraints are analyzed and compared. Displacement response of bridge deck and pier under extreme wave loads. The analysis results show that the residual displacement of the bridge deck can be reduced to 7% of the residual displacement of the unconstrained structure by using the steel cable limiter. The steel cable limiter can reduce the displacement of the superstructure of the bridge and avoid the damage of the substructure. Considering the high cost of construction and maintenance of the substructure of the bridge across the sea, using the steel cable limiter can obtain more ideal structural damage protection effect. (3) the parametric analysis of the steel cable limiter is carried out, and the wave load of different strength is analyzed. The effects of the layout root number, the angle and the width of the preset clearance on the displacement response of the bridge deck, the response of the internal force of the pier and the response of the internal force of the limiter. The results of parametric analysis show that the root number of the limiter only needs to ensure that the deformation of the limiter does not exceed the elastic limit under the action of the maximum wave force, and when the angle between the limiter and the horizontal direction is large, A better control effect can be obtained by reducing the width of the preset gap.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：U441;TV139.26
本文編號(hào)：2168267
[Abstract]:Hurricane Ivan and Katrina have caused massive damage to low-rise sea bridges along the U. S. Gulf Coast. Storm surges and giant waves have produced significant vertical and horizontal wave forces on the superstructure of the bridge resulting in the displacement of the deck and even the fall of the beam. In view of this engineering disaster problem, some scholars have carried out researches on the effect of wave on the superstructure of bridge, mainly focusing on the wave action mechanism and wave load estimation method. There is still a lack of relevant research on the protection measures for the superstructure of bridge subjected to wave action. Steel cable limiter is a kind of device used to prevent bridge from falling beam in seismic engineering. It has been widely used because of its simplicity, low cost and high efficiency. In this paper, the application of steel cable limiter to prevent bridge beam falling caused by extreme waves is studied, and the response of bridge under extreme wave action is simulated by numerical method. The main contents are as follows: (1) based on the OpenSees software platform, the flat sliding support unit is used to replace the commonly used zero length element. Considering the nonlinear characteristics of reinforced concrete structure and the function of soil, an improved 3D bridge finite element model is established. The improved model can more accurately simulate the variation process of the horizontal binding force on the bridge superstructure with vertical wave loads. (2) using the built numerical model, the unconstrained, anti-shock block and locator constraints are analyzed and compared. Displacement response of bridge deck and pier under extreme wave loads. The analysis results show that the residual displacement of the bridge deck can be reduced to 7% of the residual displacement of the unconstrained structure by using the steel cable limiter. The steel cable limiter can reduce the displacement of the superstructure of the bridge and avoid the damage of the substructure. Considering the high cost of construction and maintenance of the substructure of the bridge across the sea, using the steel cable limiter can obtain more ideal structural damage protection effect. (3) the parametric analysis of the steel cable limiter is carried out, and the wave load of different strength is analyzed. The effects of the layout root number, the angle and the width of the preset clearance on the displacement response of the bridge deck, the response of the internal force of the pier and the response of the internal force of the limiter. The results of parametric analysis show that the root number of the limiter only needs to ensure that the deformation of the limiter does not exceed the elastic limit under the action of the maximum wave force, and when the angle between the limiter and the horizontal direction is large, A better control effect can be obtained by reducing the width of the preset gap.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：U441;TV139.26
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條
1 RAHMAN Sadia;AKIB Shatirah;SHIRAZI S M;;Experimental investigation on the stability of bride girder against tsunami forces[J];Science China(Technological Sciences);2014年10期
相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條
1 方慶賀;近海橋梁上部結(jié)構(gòu)波浪作用研究[D];哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué);2017年
，本文編號(hào)：2168267
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