【摘要】：水庫修建后,由于水體水動力學(xué)特性和水體蓄熱交換結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生了改變,水庫垂向水溫將呈現(xiàn)出明顯的分層現(xiàn)象。水溫分層將使水庫下層的水體水溫常年維持在較穩(wěn)定的低溫狀態(tài),下泄低溫水對農(nóng)業(yè)灌溉和水生生態(tài)系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生不利影響。為控制下泄水溫,工程中常采用疊梁門取水口、側(cè)式分層取水口及浮式管型取水口等分層取水措施。準(zhǔn)確模擬和預(yù)測水庫的下泄水溫,對分層取水方案的調(diào)度運(yùn)行具有指導(dǎo)意義。本文以某水庫水溫分布為背景,通過試驗(yàn)直接模擬水庫水溫分布,對側(cè)式分層取水口下泄水溫進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)研究。通過FLUENT數(shù)值模擬軟件,對下泄水溫進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬,研究取水口附近的水體流動規(guī)律。本文的主要研究內(nèi)容及成果包括以下幾個方面:(1)介紹了水庫水溫分層的形成機(jī)理、低溫下泄水的危害、減免下泄低溫水影響的相應(yīng)措施以及常見的分層取水形式。對水庫下泄水溫的研究方法進(jìn)行歸類總結(jié)。(2)以某水庫水溫分布為背景,給定取水口流量不變,依次改變?nèi)∷谘蜎]深度,對比不同淹沒深度工況的下泄水溫。試驗(yàn)研究結(jié)果表明,取水口淹沒深度越小,下泄水溫越高;水庫的表層與底層水溫溫差越大,則下泄水溫提高幅度也越大。給定取水口淹沒深度不變,依次改變?nèi)∷髁?對比不同取水流量工況的下泄水溫。試驗(yàn)研究結(jié)果表明,取水流量越小,下泄水溫越低。(3)基于FLUENT建立了下泄水溫的數(shù)值模擬方法。對相同流量不同淹沒深度的下泄水溫進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬,并與試驗(yàn)結(jié)果進(jìn)行對比,結(jié)果表明利用FLUENT進(jìn)行下泄水溫模擬效果較好,該方法可以運(yùn)用于下泄水溫預(yù)測。(4)針對側(cè)式分層取水口,利用FLUENT對溫度分層條件下取水口附近的流場進(jìn)行了初步研究。結(jié)果表明,取水口流場與水溫分布密切相關(guān)。表層水體抽取量隨淹沒深度增大有所減小,但各工況下均未能抽取較深處水體。同一工況下,取水口抽取表層水體較底層水體多。
[Abstract]:After the construction of the reservoir, the vertical water temperature of the reservoir will show obvious stratification because of the change of the hydrodynamic characteristics of the water body and the structure of the heat storage exchange of the water body. Water temperature stratification will keep the water temperature of the lower layer of the reservoir in a stable low temperature state all year round, and the release of low temperature water will have adverse effects on agricultural irrigation and aquatic ecosystem. In order to control the temperature of water discharge, the measures of stratified water intake such as laminated girder gate, lateral layered intake and floating pipe intake are often used in engineering. The accurate simulation and prediction of the drainage temperature of the reservoir is of guiding significance for the operation of the stratified water intake scheme. Based on the water temperature distribution of a certain reservoir, the temperature distribution of the reservoir is simulated directly by experiments, and the water temperature of the lateral stratified intake outlet is studied experimentally. The flow law of water near the intake is studied by using the FLUENT software to simulate the temperature of the drainage water. The main research contents and achievements in this paper include the following aspects: (1) the formation mechanism of reservoir water temperature stratification, the harm of low-temperature water discharge, the corresponding measures to reduce the influence of low-temperature drain water and the common layering water intake form are introduced. The research methods of reservoir drainage temperature are classified and summarized. (2) based on the water temperature distribution of a reservoir, given the constant intake discharge, the submerged depth of the intake is changed in turn, and the water temperature under different conditions is compared. The experimental results show that the lower the submerged depth of the intake, the higher the water temperature, and the greater the temperature difference between the surface and bottom of the reservoir is, the greater the temperature of the outlet is. Given the inundation depth of the intake, the discharge rate is changed in turn, and the discharge temperature is compared under different conditions of the intake flow. The experimental results show that the lower the flow rate, the lower the water temperature. (3) based on FLUENT, a numerical simulation method is established. The numerical simulation of drainage temperature with the same discharge and different submergence depth is carried out, and the results are compared with the experimental results. The results show that the simulation effect of FLUENT is good. This method can be used to predict the temperature of the outlet. (4) the flow field near the outlet under the condition of temperature stratification is studied by FLUENT. The results show that the inlet flow field is closely related to the water temperature distribution. The amount of surface water extraction decreases with the increase of submergence depth, but it fails to extract the deeper water body under each working condition. Under the same working condition, the surface water extracted from the intake is more than the bottom water.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TV697.21

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