【摘要】：河流生態(tài)功能下降已經(jīng)成為快速城鎮(zhèn)化過程中的典型性問題。筆者通過分析河流生態(tài)功能發(fā)揮的內(nèi)在機(jī)制，指出保護(hù)和維持河流的關(guān)鍵生態(tài)要素的健康是河流生態(tài)功能得以發(fā)揮的基礎(chǔ)。而河流生態(tài)的健康是一個(gè)涉及多學(xué)科、多部門的復(fù)雜問題，單純對(duì)河道進(jìn)行工程治理、生態(tài)修復(fù)難以從根本上解決上述問題。而空間開發(fā)建設(shè)通過改變河流的水循環(huán)過程、破壞水系結(jié)構(gòu)，影響了河流生態(tài)功能的發(fā)揮。因此有必要將空間規(guī)劃介入河流生態(tài)功能保護(hù)與恢復(fù)的研究中，建立河流生態(tài)功能發(fā)揮對(duì)空間規(guī)劃的內(nèi)在約束，提出空間規(guī)劃應(yīng)從水域、陸域、邊緣區(qū)三個(gè)重要的空間維度進(jìn)行著手，結(jié)合現(xiàn)有的規(guī)劃技術(shù)體系制定相應(yīng)的空間規(guī)劃策略，為河流的生態(tài)保護(hù)以及河流地區(qū)的人居環(huán)境建設(shè)提供可借鑒的思路。 文章首先對(duì)河流生態(tài)功能、空間規(guī)劃等概念進(jìn)行界定，明確了研究對(duì)象和研究重點(diǎn)。 其次通過分析河流生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的特征，得出維持河流生態(tài)功能的關(guān)鍵生態(tài)要素，對(duì)這些生態(tài)要素進(jìn)行保護(hù)和恢復(fù)即是河流生態(tài)功能保護(hù)與恢復(fù)的重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容。圍繞河流生態(tài)功能保護(hù)與恢復(fù)的研究，從河流生態(tài)治理、河流生態(tài)規(guī)劃的空間方法、土地利用對(duì)河流生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的影響三個(gè)方面進(jìn)行了文獻(xiàn)綜述，肯定了現(xiàn)有的研究成果，并指出不足。 第三章通過分析河流生態(tài)功能保護(hù)與恢復(fù)的困境，，認(rèn)識(shí)由于影響河流生態(tài)的要素主要集中在河道以外的空間，僅針對(duì)河道的規(guī)劃實(shí)踐不能從根本上解決河流面臨的問題。文章指出空間規(guī)劃介入河流生態(tài)功能的保護(hù)與恢復(fù)具有一定的必要性。在此基礎(chǔ)上，提出空間規(guī)劃的任務(wù)是保護(hù)河流生態(tài)要素、減弱開發(fā)建設(shè)對(duì)河流產(chǎn)生的干擾，規(guī)劃應(yīng)對(duì)措施主要是從整體空間的優(yōu)化、邊緣區(qū)的建設(shè)、水域空間的保護(hù)三方面著手，建構(gòu)區(qū)域規(guī)劃—城市總體規(guī)劃（分區(qū)規(guī)劃）—開發(fā)管控三個(gè)層次的規(guī)劃技術(shù)體系。 第四第五章分別從流域、城市兩個(gè)空間范疇出發(fā)，探討了基于河流生態(tài)功能保護(hù)與恢復(fù)的規(guī)劃方法。流域?qū)用鎽?yīng)對(duì)與河流生態(tài)相關(guān)的生態(tài)要素進(jìn)行保護(hù)，包括生態(tài)斑塊和跳板，通過對(duì)水系網(wǎng)絡(luò)的恢復(fù)、以廊道綠網(wǎng)串聯(lián)生態(tài)斑塊和節(jié)點(diǎn)空間，構(gòu)建以水系結(jié)構(gòu)為骨架的生態(tài)格局，并對(duì)城鎮(zhèn)建設(shè)提出建設(shè)指引等內(nèi)容；城市層面主要任務(wù)是對(duì)城市河流進(jìn)行生態(tài)修復(fù)和保護(hù)、保護(hù)河流關(guān)鍵的水文循環(huán)空間，提出以水系與生態(tài)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施結(jié)合構(gòu)筑城市生態(tài)空間結(jié)構(gòu)、濱水區(qū)生態(tài)規(guī)劃、水域空間規(guī)劃的措施；規(guī)劃控制主要圍繞線性空間的保護(hù)以及用地控制上，而用地控制重點(diǎn)是在原有控規(guī)指標(biāo)體系的基礎(chǔ)上增加如何減少不透水地面的相關(guān)指標(biāo)。 第六部分是以筆者參與的實(shí)際項(xiàng)目《流溪河沿線岸線控制性規(guī)劃》為例，研究了基于河流生態(tài)功能保護(hù)與恢復(fù)的河流沿線用地規(guī)劃方法的具體應(yīng)用。 第七部分為研究結(jié)論及展望。
[Abstract]:The decline of river ecological function has become a typical problem in the process of rapid urbanization. By analyzing the inherent mechanism of river ecological function, the author points out that protecting and maintaining the health of key ecological elements of river is the basis of river ecological function. The health of river ecology is a complex problem involving many disciplines and departments. It is difficult to solve the above problems by simply controlling the river course and ecological restoration. By changing the process of river water circulation, spatial development and construction destroy the structure of river system and affect the ecological function of river. Therefore, it is necessary to involve spatial planning in the research of river ecological function protection and restoration, and establish the inherent restriction of river ecological function to spatial planning, and put forward that spatial planning should be from water area and land area. The three important spatial dimensions of the marginal area are carried out, and the corresponding spatial planning strategies are formulated in combination with the existing planning technology system, which can be used for reference for the ecological protection of rivers and the construction of human settlements in river areas. Firstly, the paper defines the concept of river ecological function and spatial planning, and clarifies the research object and focus. Secondly, by analyzing the characteristics of river ecosystem, the key ecological elements to maintain river ecological function are obtained. The protection and restoration of these ecological elements is the key content of river ecological function protection and restoration. Based on the research of river ecological function protection and restoration, this paper summarizes the literature from three aspects: river ecological management, spatial method of river ecological planning and the impact of land use on river ecosystem, and confirms the existing research results. And pointed out the insufficiency. By analyzing the dilemma of river ecological function protection and restoration, the third chapter recognizes that because the factors affecting river ecology are mainly in the space outside the river channel, only the planning practice of river course can not fundamentally solve the problems facing the river. This paper points out that it is necessary for spatial planning to intervene in the protection and restoration of river ecological function. On this basis, it is proposed that the task of spatial planning is to protect the ecological elements of rivers and to reduce the disturbance caused by the development and construction of rivers. The planning countermeasures are mainly from the optimization of the overall space and the construction of the marginal areas. In the three aspects of water space protection, the planning technology system of regional planning, urban master planning (zoning planning) and development control is constructed. The fourth and fifth chapter discusses the planning method based on river ecological function protection and restoration from two spatial categories of river basin and city. The ecological elements related to river ecology should be protected at watershed level, including ecological patches and springboards. Through the restoration of water system network, the ecological structure of river system structure should be constructed by connecting ecological patches and node space with corridor green network. The main task of urban level is to restore and protect urban rivers, and to protect the key hydrological cycle space of urban rivers. The measures of constructing urban ecological spatial structure, waterfront ecological planning and water area spatial planning by combining water system with ecological infrastructure are put forward, and the planning control mainly revolves around the protection of linear space and the control of land use. The key point of land use control is how to reduce the relative indexes of impermeable ground on the basis of the original control index system. In the sixth part, the author takes the actual project "the controlled planning along the river line along Liuxi River" as an example, and studies the concrete application of the land planning method along the river line based on the protection and restoration of the ecological function of the river. The seventh part is the conclusion and prospect of the research.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TU984.18;TV82

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