【摘要】：我國礦山、水電、交通等地下工程需要建設(shè)大量井筒,作為進(jìn)出口、通風(fēng)、安全逃逸通道等,許多井筒都有下部出口。以前這類工程采用的鉆爆法正向施工,在安全和效率方面存在許多問題,沒有充分利用大部分工程具有下部出口這一有利工程條件。因此,本文提出反井鉆井法鑿井新工藝,達(dá)到綜合機械化破巖鉆進(jìn),操作人員不下井作業(yè),從根本解決鑿井安全問題。 反井鉆機采用的是由上向下鉆進(jìn)導(dǎo)孔,然后由下向上擴孔的施工工藝,以前多用作爆破刷大的導(dǎo)井,作為反井鉆井鑿井法,需要一次擴孔到所需直徑,鉆進(jìn)直徑從1.4m到5m,破巖面積增大12.7倍,需要解決大體積機械破巖、大面積暴露井幫穩(wěn)定及控制理論,以及相適應(yīng)的大直徑反井鉆機。本文對反井鉆井鑿井新工藝的研究背景、研究目標(biāo)及技術(shù)路線進(jìn)行了分析,確定了大直徑反井鉆機技術(shù)關(guān)鍵。 大體積破巖采用的盤形滾刀和鑲齒滾刀,本文對兩種滾刀破巖機理進(jìn)行理論分析、實驗室試驗,并采用LS-DYNA動態(tài)有限元,對鑲齒盤型滾刀破巖進(jìn)行了數(shù)值分析,在巖石為花崗巖條件下,兩種滾刀壓入巖體的深度與正壓力成正比,同樣正壓力條件下,鑲齒滾刀壓入深度大,且破碎單位體積巖石能耗相對小,為了達(dá)到同樣破巖效果,盤形滾刀所需壓力大,也增大了切向推力,這樣也需要更大的扭矩和鉆機功率,考慮反井鉆機特點,本文認(rèn)為鑲齒滾刀更適合反井鉆井法鑿井大體積破巖。對于大直徑反井鉆機擴孔鉆頭結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行分析,提出了力矩平衡鉆頭滾刀布置原則,形成了5m大直徑擴孔鉆頭。在對滾刀及擴孔鉆頭受力分析基礎(chǔ)上,研究確定了大直徑反井鉆機主要技術(shù)參數(shù)：導(dǎo)孔直徑350-380mm、擴孔直徑3.5-5.0m、拉力600kN、出軸轉(zhuǎn)速0-5rpm、扭矩300kNm等,為大直徑反井鉆機設(shè)計打下基礎(chǔ)。 大直徑反井井幫需要在擴孔鉆進(jìn)、設(shè)備拆除及支護(hù)期間長時間暴露,井幫穩(wěn)定是反井鉆井鑿井法成敗的技術(shù)關(guān)鍵,地層條件、地應(yīng)力及地質(zhì)構(gòu)造是影響井幫穩(wěn)定的主要因素,本文建立了井幫力學(xué)分析模型,采用剪切破壞強度理論,確定了井幫失穩(wěn)條件,提出采用地層改性方法,通過對破碎地層的注漿加固,提高了軟弱地層的完整性和等效模量,使地層中的塑性變形區(qū)域消失,軟弱地層塌孔和縮頸的風(fēng)險大大減小。通過計算對比,在煤礦巖石地層條件下注漿擴散直徑在10m,能夠達(dá)到反井井幫穩(wěn)定。 本文在分析大直徑反井鉆井穿過的不同地層條件的基礎(chǔ)上,研究確定5種反井鉆井鑿井工藝,包括大直徑反井一次成井、局部開挖預(yù)支護(hù)、定向鉆進(jìn)導(dǎo)孔、地表局部不穩(wěn)定地層加固、局部破碎地層單孔加固、地面預(yù)注漿地層改性等,使反井鉆井鑿井法能夠在不同工程條件和地質(zhì)條件得到應(yīng)用。本文對倒“T”新型大直徑反井鉆架結(jié)構(gòu)在鉆進(jìn)、拆卸鉆桿過程中,鉆架受力及變形進(jìn)行了模擬計算,對分體式大直徑擴孔鉆頭及滾刀布置進(jìn)行了分析,成功研制出5.0m大直徑反井鉆機。在此基礎(chǔ)上,在煤礦井筒工程中進(jìn)行工業(yè)性試驗,通過工程實踐檢驗了滾刀破巖及地層穩(wěn)定理論,大直徑反井鉆機的設(shè)計和反井鉆井工藝合理性,證明反井鉆井鑿井法的是一種可靠地鑿井工藝。
[Abstract]:Underground projects such as mine, hydropower, transportation and other underground projects in our country need to build a large number of wellbore, as the import, export, ventilation, safe escape channel and so on. Many wellbore have lower exit. The drilling and blasting method used in this kind of project is forward to construction, and there are many problems in safety and efficiency. It is not good to make full use of most of the projects with the lower exit. Engineering conditions. Therefore, this paper puts forward a new drilling technique of anti well drilling method to achieve comprehensive mechanized rock breaking drilling, and the operators do not work well, so as to solve the problem of drilling safety fundamentally.
The anti well drilling rig adopts the construction process from the upper and down to the guide hole, and then the construction technology of the lower upward hole enlarging. Before the drilling well, it needs to expand the hole to the required diameter, the diameter from 1.4m to 5m, the rock breaking area is increased by 12.7 times, the large volume mechanical rock breaking and the large area exposure well are needed. In this paper, the research background of the new technology of anti well drilling, the research target and the technical route are analyzed in this paper, and the key of the large diameter anti well rig is determined.
The disc hob and hob hob used in large volume rock breaking are carried out in this paper. The rock breaking mechanism of two kinds of hob is analyzed theoretically, laboratory test and the dynamic finite element method of LS-DYNA are used to analyze the rock breaking rock of the insert type hob. Under the condition of granite, the depth of the rock mass is proportional to the positive pressure, and the same positive pressure is made. Under the force conditions, the insert hob has a large depth of pressure, and the energy consumption of the broken unit volume is relatively small. In order to achieve the same rock breaking effect, the disc hob needs large pressure and also increases the tangential thrust. This also requires greater torque and drill power, considering the characteristics of the drilling rig. This paper considers that the insert hob is more suitable for the drilling of the well drilling method. In the analysis of the structure of the reaming drill bit for the large diameter counter well drilling machine, the principle of the hob layout of the moment balance bit is put forward, and the 5m large diameter reaming bit is formed. On the basis of the force analysis of the hob and the reaming bit, the main technical parameters of the large diameter drill rig are determined: the diameter of the guide hole 350-380mm, the diameter of the reaming 3.5-5.0m, and the drawing of the hole diameter. The force 600kN, the shaft speed 0-5rpm, torque 300kNm and so on, lay the foundation for the design of large diameter anti drill rigs.
The large diameter reverse well drilling needs to expand drilling, remove the equipment and expose long time during the support period. The stability of the well is the key to the success or failure of the anti well drilling method. The formation conditions, ground stress and geological structure are the main factors that affect the stability of the well. In this paper, the well Gang mechanics analysis model is established and the shear failure strength theory is adopted. The formation modification method is adopted to improve the integrity and the equivalent modulus of the weak stratum by the grouting reinforcement of the fractured stratum, and the plastic deformation area in the stratum is disappearing, the risk of the collapse and necking of the weak stratum is greatly reduced. The grouting diffusion in the coal mine rock stratum is in 10m through calculation and comparison. It can achieve the stability of the well side of the well.
On the basis of analyzing the different formation conditions of large diameter reverse well drilling, this paper studies and determines 5 kinds of reverse well drilling technology, including large diameter reverse well first well formation, local excavation Presupport, directional drilling guide hole, local unstable ground reinforcement, local broken ground single hole reinforcement, ground pre grouting formation modification, etc. Drilling rig drilling method can be applied in different engineering conditions and geological conditions. In this paper, a new type of inverted "T" large diameter reverse well drilling frame structure in the process of drilling and removing drill rod is simulated, and the layout of the large diameter hole drilling bit and hob is analyzed, and the 5.0m large diameter anti well drill has been successfully developed. On this basis, the industrial test is carried out in the coal mine shaft engineering. Through the engineering practice, the theory of rock breaking and formation stability of the hob is tested, the design of the large diameter anti well drill and the rationality of the well drilling technology are proved. It is proved that the well drilling method is a reliable drilling technique.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TV554

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本文編號：2135786