【摘要】：新疆塔里木河流域粉細(xì)砂河道的洪災(zāi)成因、護(hù)岸工程現(xiàn)狀和存在的問(wèn)題都表明,研究更安全、更經(jīng)濟(jì)、更親水的新型護(hù)岸建筑物,以適應(yīng)新疆粉細(xì)砂河道的河型、水沙特性、演變規(guī)律及洪災(zāi)特點(diǎn),是一項(xiàng)亟需解決的科研問(wèn)題。水力插板透水丁壩新型護(hù)岸結(jié)構(gòu)的提出,有利于提高新疆粉細(xì)砂河道治理工程的防洪效益。本文采用室內(nèi)動(dòng)床模型試驗(yàn)結(jié)合理論分析對(duì)水力插板透水丁壩作用區(qū)水流特性及沖淤規(guī)律進(jìn)行了試驗(yàn)研究。研究成果為水力插板透水丁壩護(hù)岸機(jī)理的進(jìn)一步研究打下試驗(yàn)基礎(chǔ),對(duì)粉細(xì)砂河道護(hù)岸工程建設(shè)有重要的參考價(jià)值。研究了不同有效壩長(zhǎng)(Be)、透水率(RP)、挑角(θ)、流量(Q)條件下的水力插板透水丁壩作用區(qū)水流特性。在清水條件下,通過(guò)正交試驗(yàn),采用極差分析方法,得到水力插板透水丁壩緩流效果影響因素的影響排序?yàn)橛行伍L(zhǎng)、挑角、透水率,及緩流效果最優(yōu)設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)組合為有效壩長(zhǎng)25cm、透水率30%、挑角45°。進(jìn)而根據(jù)最優(yōu)設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)組合進(jìn)行模型試驗(yàn),得出不同有效壩長(zhǎng)、透水率、挑角、流量對(duì)水力插板透水丁壩作用區(qū)水流流速、橫向水面線、縱向水面線的影響規(guī)律:水力插板透水丁壩有效壩長(zhǎng)越長(zhǎng),壩前和壩后流速越小;透水率越大,壩前流速和壩后流速越大;挑角越大,壩前流速越小,壩后流速越大;有效壩長(zhǎng)越長(zhǎng)、透水率越小、挑角越大,則壩前水位越高,壩后水位越低,水位差越大。研究了不同含沙量、挑角、流量條件下的水力插板透水丁壩作用區(qū)沖淤規(guī)律。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果分析表明:(1)當(dāng)含沙量變化時(shí),透水丁壩作用區(qū)橫向沖刷寬度和縱向沖刷長(zhǎng)度隨含沙量的增大而減小,壩頭最大沖刷深度變化不大;壩后橫向淤積寬度、縱向淤積長(zhǎng)度和最大淤積高度隨含沙量的增大而增大。(2)當(dāng)含沙量不變時(shí),透水丁壩作用區(qū)橫向沖刷寬度和縱向沖刷長(zhǎng)度隨挑角的增大而增大,壩頭最大沖刷深度隨挑角的增大先增大后減小;壩后橫向淤積寬度和縱向淤積長(zhǎng)度隨挑角的增大而減小,最大淤積高度隨挑角增大先增大后減小。
[Abstract]:The causes of flood, the present situation and the existing problems of silty sand channel in Tarim River Basin of Xinjiang show that it is necessary to study new types of revetment structures, which are safer, more economical and more hydrophilic, in order to adapt to the river type, water and sediment characteristics of fine silt river in Xinjiang. The law of evolution and the characteristics of flood disaster is a scientific research problem that needs to be solved urgently. A new type of revetment structure of hydraulic plug plate permeable spur dam is put forward, which is helpful to improve the flood control benefit of silty sand river treatment project in Xinjiang. In this paper, the characteristics of water flow and the law of scour and deposition in the action zone of hydraulic plug plate permeable spur dike are studied by using indoor moving bed model test combined with theoretical analysis. The research results lay the experimental foundation for the further study of the revetment mechanism of hydraulic plug plate permeable spur dike, and have important reference value for the construction of silty sand river revetment engineering. The flow characteristics of hydraulic plug plate permeable spur dike under different effective dam length (be), permeability (RP), angle (胃) and discharge (Q) are studied. Under the condition of clear water, by means of orthogonal test and range analysis method, it is obtained that the influencing factors of hydraulic plug plate permeable spur dike are effective dam length, angle and permeability. The optimum design parameters of the slow flow effect are as follows: the effective dam length is 25 cm, the permeability is 30, and the angle is 45 擄. Then according to the optimal design parameter combination, the model test is carried out, and the different effective dam length, permeability, angle of lift and discharge to the flow velocity and transverse water surface line in the zone of hydraulic plug plate permeable spur dam are obtained. The influence law of longitudinal water surface line: the longer the effective dam length, the smaller the velocity in front and behind the dam; the larger the permeability, the greater the velocity in front of dam and behind dam; the bigger the angle is, the smaller the velocity in front of dam and behind dam; The longer the effective dam is, the smaller the permeable rate is and the greater the angle is, the higher the water level in front of the dam is, the lower the water level behind the dam is, and the bigger the water level difference is. The law of erosion and deposition of hydraulic plug plate permeable spur dike under different sediment content, angle and discharge is studied. The experimental results show that: (1) when the sediment content changes, the transverse scour width and longitudinal scour length decrease with the increase of sediment content, and the maximum scour depth of the dam head does not change much, while the lateral siltation width behind the dam decreases. The longitudinal siltation length and the maximum silt height increase with the increase of sediment content. (2) when the sediment content is constant, the transverse scour width and longitudinal scour length increase with the increase of the angle. The maximum scour depth of the dam head increases first and then decreases with the increase of the angle, while the transverse siltation width and the longitudinal siltation length decrease with the increase of the angle, and the maximum silt height increases first and then decreases with the increase of the angle.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：新疆農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：TV863;TV147

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