本文選題：水質(zhì)水量 + 優(yōu)化配置��； 參考：《西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：水是生命之源、生態(tài)之基、生產(chǎn)之要。然而由于不合理的開發(fā)利用，水量短缺、水質(zhì)污染及生態(tài)環(huán)境惡化等水問題日趨突出，影響了人類正常的生產(chǎn)生活。區(qū)域水資源的合理配置與水環(huán)境保護對緩解水資源供需矛盾，促進區(qū)域社會、經(jīng)濟和環(huán)境協(xié)調(diào)可持續(xù)發(fā)展具有重要意義。 論文以寶雞市為研究區(qū)域，在充分分析該市水資源狀況、供用水特點的基礎(chǔ)上，建立了水質(zhì)水量多目標(biāo)聯(lián)合優(yōu)化配置模型，采用遺傳算法對研究區(qū)的水源和用戶進行了分質(zhì)匹配，并與僅考慮水量配置結(jié)果進行了對比。研究成果對緩解寶雞市供用水矛盾、改善水環(huán)境狀況提供了科學(xué)依據(jù)。論文主要研究內(nèi)容及取得的研究結(jié)論如下： （1）對寶雞市水資源量、供用水量及結(jié)構(gòu)、水質(zhì)狀況及污水排放情況進行了分析計算。全市水資源總量35.93億m3，地表水占52.03%。農(nóng)業(yè)用水量占總用水量的68.2%，工業(yè)用水量占14.7%，水資源利用效率較低，供需矛盾突出。區(qū)內(nèi)平原區(qū)水質(zhì)較差，受工業(yè)和生活廢污水影響較大，主要污染物是COD和NH3-N。 （2）確立了水質(zhì)與水量聯(lián)合配置的原則，建立了區(qū)域水質(zhì)水量多目標(biāo)統(tǒng)一配置模型。依據(jù)寶雞市水資源供需概況、供水水質(zhì)和用戶需水量及水質(zhì)要求，以優(yōu)水優(yōu)用，低水低用為原則，以區(qū)域綜合用水效益最大為經(jīng)濟目標(biāo)，，總?cè)彼孔钚樯鐣繕?biāo)，區(qū)域重要污染物排放量最小為環(huán)境目標(biāo)，不同水質(zhì)級別水源的可供水量、區(qū)域污染物水環(huán)境容量為水質(zhì)約束條件，六個需水用戶的（優(yōu)質(zhì)生活、一般生活、農(nóng)業(yè)、優(yōu)質(zhì)工業(yè)、一般工業(yè)和生態(tài)環(huán)境）需水量、不同水源的供水量為水量約束，建立了以分區(qū)為單元的寶雞市多水源、多用戶、多目標(biāo)的水質(zhì)水量統(tǒng)一配置的數(shù)學(xué)模型。 （3）利用層次分析法確定目標(biāo)權(quán)重系數(shù)，采用評價函數(shù)法將多目標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)化為單目標(biāo)，利用遺傳算法對水質(zhì)水量統(tǒng)一配置模型進行了求解。對寶雞市設(shè)置了2020年和2030年兩個規(guī)劃年，分別采用上述方法對75%和95%保證率的不同供水水源和用戶進行了配置，從缺水率和污染物排放等多角度對配置結(jié)果和已有的僅考慮水量的配置結(jié)果進行了詳細分析，結(jié)果表明本模型經(jīng)濟效益提高了6%~12%，但污染物排放量增加了2%~4%，社會效益相同。總的來說，本模型綜合效益較大，優(yōu)于傳統(tǒng)方式下的水量分配。 （4）綜合考慮達標(biāo)排放、污水回用、節(jié)水政策等設(shè)計了全市水質(zhì)水量統(tǒng)一配置的九種方案，建立了社會、經(jīng)濟、資源和環(huán)境四個方面的評價指標(biāo)體系，分別采用模糊優(yōu)選法和最大熵法對九種方案進行分析評價，結(jié)果表明兩種方法的結(jié)果略有差異，但最優(yōu)方案相同，均為“農(nóng)業(yè)用水由三類以下地表水和地下水聯(lián)合調(diào)度+污水回用+用戶節(jié)水”，據(jù)此得到了寶雞市2020年和2030年水質(zhì)水量統(tǒng)一優(yōu)化配置下的水資源分配方案。 （5）從分質(zhì)供水角度，分析了寶雞市市區(qū)供水水源、需水對象等，以模型配置結(jié)果為基礎(chǔ)，建立了市區(qū)新建城區(qū)和已建城區(qū)的分質(zhì)供水模式和流程。
[Abstract]:Water is the source of life, ecological basis and production. However, due to the irrational exploitation and utilization of water, water shortage, water pollution and the deterioration of the ecological environment, water problems have become increasingly prominent, which affect human normal production and life. The rational allocation of water resources and the protection of water environment to alleviate the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources and promote regional society, economy and the economy. The coordinated and sustainable development of the environment is of great significance.
The paper takes Baoji as the research area. On the basis of fully analyzing the city's water resources and the characteristics of the supply and use of water, a joint optimal allocation model of water quality and water quantity is established. The genetic algorithm is used to match the water source and the users in the study area, and the results are compared with the results of water allocation only. It provides a scientific basis for the contradiction between supply and use of water and improving the water environment.
(1) analysis and calculation of water resources, water supply, water supply and structure, water quality and sewage discharge in Baoji. The total amount of water resources in the city is 3 billion 593 million m3, the surface water accounts for 68.2% of the total water consumption of 52.03%., the industrial water consumption is 14.7%, the water resource utilization efficiency is low, and the contradiction between supply and demand is outstanding. The water quality in the plain area is poor. The water quality in the plain area is poor. Industrial and domestic waste water has a great influence. The main pollutants are COD and NH3-N..
(2) establish the principle of joint allocation of water quality and water, establish a unified multi target allocation model of regional water quality and water quantity, according to the general situation of supply and demand of water resources in Baoji, water quality and user demand for water and water quality, with the principle of best use of water and low water, low water and low use as the economic target, and the minimum amount of water shortage is the society. The minimum emission of regional important pollutants is the environmental goal, the water supply of different water quality levels, the water environment capacity of the regional pollutants as the water quality constraints, six water demand users (high quality life, general life, agriculture, high quality industry, general industrial and ecological environment), the water supply of different water sources is the restriction of water quantity. A mathematical model of multi-source, multi-user and multi-objective unified allocation of water quality and quantity in Baoji is established.
(3) using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to determine the weight coefficient of the target, use the evaluation function method to transform the multi target into a single target, and use the genetic algorithm to solve the unified allocation model of water quality and water. In Baoji, the two planning years in 2020 and 2030 are set up, and the different water supply sources and users of the 75% and 95% guarantee rates are adopted respectively. The allocation results were analyzed in detail from the multiple angles of water shortage and pollutant discharge. The results showed that the economic benefits of the model increased by 6%~12%, but the emission of pollutants increased by 2%~4%, and the social benefits were the same. Generally speaking, the model was more efficient and better than the traditional one. The distribution of water under the formula.
(4) comprehensive consideration is made on nine schemes of unified allocation of water quality and water quality in the city, including the discharge of standard discharge, sewage reuse and water saving policy, and the evaluation index system of four aspects of social, economic, resource and environment is established. The results show that the result of the two methods is slight by using the fuzzy optimization method and the maximum entropy method. The optimal scheme is the same, all of which are "agricultural water use under three types of surface water and groundwater combined with wastewater reuse + user water saving". According to this, water resources allocation scheme under the unified optimal allocation of water quality and water in Baoji in 2020 and 2030 is obtained.
(5) from the point of view of the water supply, the water supply source and the water requirement of Baoji city are analyzed. Based on the model configuration results, the water supply mode and process of the new urban area and the built urban area are established.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TV213.4

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