本文選題：AnnAGNPS + 日尺度��； 參考：《福建師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：在全球氣候變化和人為活動(dòng)影響日益增強(qiáng)的背景下,嚴(yán)重的土壤侵蝕造成耕地面積減少、土壤質(zhì)量退化、水體污染,繼而引起一系列的生態(tài)和環(huán)境問題。分布式水文模型已成為研究變化環(huán)境下流域產(chǎn)流產(chǎn)沙演變規(guī)律的重要工具。分布式水文模型將流域劃分為一定數(shù)量的計(jì)算單元,以反映流域下墊面特征的空間變化,通過求解這些計(jì)算單元來模擬流域水文過程。這些計(jì)算單元的分辨率通常大于地形、土壤、土地利用等輸入數(shù)據(jù)的空間分辨率,因此在每個(gè)計(jì)算單元內(nèi)的參數(shù)值會(huì)存在某種程度的集總,即參數(shù)的空間聚合。參數(shù)的空間聚合程度影響著模型模擬結(jié)果,探討包括地形、土壤、土地利用等輸入?yún)?shù)的空間聚合對(duì)模擬結(jié)果的影響,有助于選擇適宜的單元參數(shù)聚合值,減少模型的不確定性。山美水庫流域位于我國東南沿海泉州市境內(nèi),是泉州市重要的水源地。構(gòu)建流域高精度的日產(chǎn)流產(chǎn)沙分布式水文模型,對(duì)于防治流域水土流失、保護(hù)流域水資源、促進(jìn)區(qū)域社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展具有重要意義。本文以山美水庫流域?yàn)檠芯繀^(qū),在對(duì)AnnAGNPS模型參數(shù)敏感性分析的基礎(chǔ)上,構(gòu)建了流域較高精度的日尺度產(chǎn)流產(chǎn)沙AnnAGNPS模型。通過設(shè)置9種不同臨界源面積(CSA)取值,分析不同分室劃分引起的地形、土壤和土地利用的空間聚合效應(yīng)；并定量分析了參數(shù)空間聚合對(duì)徑流量和輸沙量的影響；通過設(shè)置7種情景,并進(jìn)一步定量區(qū)分了地形和土壤/土地利用參數(shù)的空間聚合對(duì)產(chǎn)流產(chǎn)沙過程的影響。結(jié)果表明：(1)AnnAGNPS模型能較好的模擬山美水庫流域年、月、日尺度產(chǎn)流與產(chǎn)沙過程。(2)隨著(CSA)取值增加,流域地形、土壤和土地利用呈現(xiàn)明顯的聚合效應(yīng)。地形參數(shù)表現(xiàn)為河網(wǎng)密度、溝道坡度和分室坡度顯著降低；土地利用表現(xiàn)為林地面積顯著增加,園地、耕地和建設(shè)用地面積顯著下降；各土壤類型面積變化表現(xiàn)出不同的聚合效應(yīng)。(3)土壤/土地利用參數(shù)空間聚合導(dǎo)致年平均徑流量和輸沙量減少,且對(duì)輸沙量影響更顯著；地形參數(shù)的空間聚合導(dǎo)致年輸沙量減少,對(duì)年平均徑流量無顯著影響；土地利用參數(shù)空間聚合對(duì)徑流量和輸沙量的影響均大于地形參數(shù)的影響。(4)地形參數(shù)的空間聚合是影響日徑流過程的主要因素,隨著聚合程度的增加,日徑流過程線呈現(xiàn)洪峰流量增加、峰現(xiàn)時(shí)間提前的趨勢(shì),且對(duì)年平均最大1d徑流的影響大于連續(xù)最大5d。 (5)土壤／土地利用參數(shù)的空間聚合對(duì)最大1d輸沙量影響較大,隨著聚合程度的增加而顯著下降,且連續(xù)最大5d變化率大于最大1d；而地形參數(shù)空間聚合程度的增加造成日輸沙過程峰值的出現(xiàn)時(shí)間提前。
[Abstract]:Under the background of global climate change and the increasing influence of human activities, serious soil erosion has resulted in the decrease of cultivated land area, soil quality degradation, water pollution and a series of ecological and environmental problems. Distributed hydrological model has become an important tool to study the evolution of runoff and sediment yield in a changing environment. The distributed hydrological model divides the watershed into a certain number of computing units to reflect the spatial variation of the underlying surface characteristics of the basin. The hydrological process of the watershed is simulated by solving these units. The resolution of these units is usually greater than the spatial resolution of the input data such as terrain, soil, land use and so on, so there will be a certain degree of lumped values in each unit, that is, the spatial aggregation of parameters. The degree of spatial aggregation of parameters affects the simulation results. The influence of spatial aggregation of input parameters, such as topography, soil and land use, on the simulation results is discussed, which is helpful to select the appropriate aggregation value of unit parameters. Reduce the uncertainty of the model. The Shanmei Reservoir Basin is located in Quanzhou City, southeast of China, and is an important source of water in Quanzhou City. It is of great significance to construct a high-precision distributed hydrological model of daily runoff and sediment for preventing and controlling soil erosion, protecting water resources and promoting the sustainable development of regional society and economy. Based on the sensitivity analysis of AnnAGNPS model parameters, a high-precision AnnAGNPS model of daily sediment yield in Shanmei reservoir basin was constructed. By setting 9 different critical source area (CSA) values, the spatial aggregation effects of topography, soil and land use caused by different compartments were analyzed, and the effects of parameter spatial aggregation on runoff and sediment transport were analyzed quantitatively. By setting up 7 scenarios, the effects of topography and spatial aggregation of soil / land use parameters on the process of runoff and sediment yield were further quantitatively distinguished. The results are as follows: (1) AnnAGNPS model can well simulate the runoff and sediment yield in the year, month and day of the Shanmei reservoir basin. (2) with the increase of CSA value, the watershed topography, soil and land use show obvious aggregation effect. The landform parameters were the density of river network, the slope of channel and the slope of subdivision, the area of forest land increased significantly, the area of garden land, the area of cultivated land and construction land decreased significantly. (3) the spatial aggregation of soil / land use parameters resulted in the decrease of annual average runoff and sediment transport, and the more significant effect on sediment transport, and the spatial aggregation of topographic parameters led to the decrease of annual sediment transport. The effect of spatial aggregation of land use parameters on runoff and sediment transport is greater than that on topographic parameters. (4) Spatial aggregation of topographic parameters is the main factor affecting daily runoff process. With the increase of polymerization degree, the daily runoff process line showed a trend of increasing Hong Feng flow, and the peak time appeared earlier, and the influence on the annual average maximum runoff of 1 day was greater than that of continuous maximum 5 days. (5) the spatial aggregation of soil / land use parameters had a great influence on the maximum sediment transport in 1 day, and decreased significantly with the increase of aggregation degree, and the maximum change rate of soil / land use parameters for 5 days was greater than that of the maximum one day. The increase of spatial aggregation of topographic parameters makes the peak value of daily sediment transport appear earlier.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：福建師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：P333

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