本文選題：AnnAGNPS + 日尺度��； 參考：《福建師范大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：在全球氣候變化和人為活動影響日益增強的背景下,嚴重的土壤侵蝕造成耕地面積減少、土壤質量退化、水體污染,繼而引起一系列的生態(tài)和環(huán)境問題。分布式水文模型已成為研究變化環(huán)境下流域產流產沙演變規(guī)律的重要工具。分布式水文模型將流域劃分為一定數量的計算單元,以反映流域下墊面特征的空間變化,通過求解這些計算單元來模擬流域水文過程。這些計算單元的分辨率通常大于地形、土壤、土地利用等輸入數據的空間分辨率,因此在每個計算單元內的參數值會存在某種程度的集總,即參數的空間聚合。參數的空間聚合程度影響著模型模擬結果,探討包括地形、土壤、土地利用等輸入參數的空間聚合對模擬結果的影響,有助于選擇適宜的單元參數聚合值,減少模型的不確定性。山美水庫流域位于我國東南沿海泉州市境內,是泉州市重要的水源地。構建流域高精度的日產流產沙分布式水文模型,對于防治流域水土流失、保護流域水資源、促進區(qū)域社會經濟可持續(xù)發(fā)展具有重要意義。本文以山美水庫流域為研究區(qū),在對AnnAGNPS模型參數敏感性分析的基礎上,構建了流域較高精度的日尺度產流產沙AnnAGNPS模型。通過設置9種不同臨界源面積(CSA)取值,分析不同分室劃分引起的地形、土壤和土地利用的空間聚合效應；并定量分析了參數空間聚合對徑流量和輸沙量的影響；通過設置7種情景,并進一步定量區(qū)分了地形和土壤/土地利用參數的空間聚合對產流產沙過程的影響。結果表明：(1)AnnAGNPS模型能較好的模擬山美水庫流域年、月、日尺度產流與產沙過程。(2)隨著(CSA)取值增加,流域地形、土壤和土地利用呈現明顯的聚合效應。地形參數表現為河網密度、溝道坡度和分室坡度顯著降低；土地利用表現為林地面積顯著增加,園地、耕地和建設用地面積顯著下降；各土壤類型面積變化表現出不同的聚合效應。(3)土壤/土地利用參數空間聚合導致年平均徑流量和輸沙量減少,且對輸沙量影響更顯著；地形參數的空間聚合導致年輸沙量減少,對年平均徑流量無顯著影響；土地利用參數空間聚合對徑流量和輸沙量的影響均大于地形參數的影響。(4)地形參數的空間聚合是影響日徑流過程的主要因素,隨著聚合程度的增加,日徑流過程線呈現洪峰流量增加、峰現時間提前的趨勢,且對年平均最大1d徑流的影響大于連續(xù)最大5d。 (5)土壤／土地利用參數的空間聚合對最大1d輸沙量影響較大,隨著聚合程度的增加而顯著下降,且連續(xù)最大5d變化率大于最大1d；而地形參數空間聚合程度的增加造成日輸沙過程峰值的出現時間提前。
[Abstract]:Under the background of global climate change and the increasing influence of human activities, serious soil erosion has resulted in the decrease of cultivated land area, soil quality degradation, water pollution and a series of ecological and environmental problems. Distributed hydrological model has become an important tool to study the evolution of runoff and sediment yield in a changing environment. The distributed hydrological model divides the watershed into a certain number of computing units to reflect the spatial variation of the underlying surface characteristics of the basin. The hydrological process of the watershed is simulated by solving these units. The resolution of these units is usually greater than the spatial resolution of the input data such as terrain, soil, land use and so on, so there will be a certain degree of lumped values in each unit, that is, the spatial aggregation of parameters. The degree of spatial aggregation of parameters affects the simulation results. The influence of spatial aggregation of input parameters, such as topography, soil and land use, on the simulation results is discussed, which is helpful to select the appropriate aggregation value of unit parameters. Reduce the uncertainty of the model. The Shanmei Reservoir Basin is located in Quanzhou City, southeast of China, and is an important source of water in Quanzhou City. It is of great significance to construct a high-precision distributed hydrological model of daily runoff and sediment for preventing and controlling soil erosion, protecting water resources and promoting the sustainable development of regional society and economy. Based on the sensitivity analysis of AnnAGNPS model parameters, a high-precision AnnAGNPS model of daily sediment yield in Shanmei reservoir basin was constructed. By setting 9 different critical source area (CSA) values, the spatial aggregation effects of topography, soil and land use caused by different compartments were analyzed, and the effects of parameter spatial aggregation on runoff and sediment transport were analyzed quantitatively. By setting up 7 scenarios, the effects of topography and spatial aggregation of soil / land use parameters on the process of runoff and sediment yield were further quantitatively distinguished. The results are as follows: (1) AnnAGNPS model can well simulate the runoff and sediment yield in the year, month and day of the Shanmei reservoir basin. (2) with the increase of CSA value, the watershed topography, soil and land use show obvious aggregation effect. The landform parameters were the density of river network, the slope of channel and the slope of subdivision, the area of forest land increased significantly, the area of garden land, the area of cultivated land and construction land decreased significantly. (3) the spatial aggregation of soil / land use parameters resulted in the decrease of annual average runoff and sediment transport, and the more significant effect on sediment transport, and the spatial aggregation of topographic parameters led to the decrease of annual sediment transport. The effect of spatial aggregation of land use parameters on runoff and sediment transport is greater than that on topographic parameters. (4) Spatial aggregation of topographic parameters is the main factor affecting daily runoff process. With the increase of polymerization degree, the daily runoff process line showed a trend of increasing Hong Feng flow, and the peak time appeared earlier, and the influence on the annual average maximum runoff of 1 day was greater than that of continuous maximum 5 days. (5) the spatial aggregation of soil / land use parameters had a great influence on the maximum sediment transport in 1 day, and decreased significantly with the increase of aggregation degree, and the maximum change rate of soil / land use parameters for 5 days was greater than that of the maximum one day. The increase of spatial aggregation of topographic parameters makes the peak value of daily sediment transport appear earlier.
【學位授予單位】：福建師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P333

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