本文選題：河床調(diào)整 + 斷面形態(tài)��； 參考：《人民黃河》2016年10期

【摘要】：小浪底水庫的運用改變了壩下游的水沙條件,引起了黃河下游河道的再造床過程,給防洪及灘地利用等帶來了一系列影響。利用黃河下游1999—2015年水沙及斷面地形等實測資料,分析了近期黃河下游河床的調(diào)整過程及特點:1進入下游河道的年均沙量僅為0.88億t,累計河床沖刷量達18.7億m3,其中游蕩段沖刷量占總沖刷量的72%,在沖刷過程中河道縱比降變化不大,河床粗化較為明顯,床沙中值粒徑由建庫前的0.06 mm增大到水庫運用后的0.15 mm;2河床斷面形態(tài)調(diào)整較為顯著,下游各河段調(diào)整均表現(xiàn)為向窄深方向發(fā)展,其中游蕩段主槽展寬較為明顯,平灘河寬由1999年的943 m增大到2015年的1 275 m,過渡段及彎曲段的平灘河寬調(diào)整較小,此外各河段平灘流量也顯著增大,游蕩段、過渡段、彎曲段平灘流量分別由1999年汛后的3 229、2 339、3 080 m3/s增大到2015年汛后的7 126、4 864、4 721m3/s;3河床平面形態(tài)總體保持穩(wěn)定,各河段深泓擺動幅度均有所下降,其中游蕩段的年平均深泓擺動幅度由建庫前的234 m降低到水庫運用后的123 m;4河段尺度的平灘河槽形態(tài)參數(shù)(如平灘河寬、平灘水深、平灘面積、平灘流量)及深泓擺動強度與水庫運用后前4 a平均的水流沖刷強度密切相關(guān)。
[Abstract]:The application of Xiaolangdi Reservoir has changed the conditions of water and sediment in the lower reaches of the dam, caused the process of reconstructing bed in the lower Yellow River, and brought a series of influences to flood control and beach utilization. Based on the measured data of water and sediment and section topography in the lower reaches of the Yellow River from 1999 to 2015, This paper analyses the recent adjustment process and characteristics of riverbed in the lower reaches of the Yellow River. The average annual sediment flow into the lower Yellow River is only 88 million tons, and the accumulated bed scour amount is 1.87 billion m3. The scour volume of wandering section accounts for 72% of the total scour volume. In the course of scouring, the river course is in the course of erosion. The longitudinal ratio drop does not change much. The mean diameter of bed sediment increased from 0.06 mm before the reservoir construction to 0.15 mm / 2 river bed profile after reservoir operation, and the adjustment of the lower reaches of the river showed a narrow and deep direction, and the river bed coarsening was obvious, and the average diameter of the bed sediment increased from 0.06 mm before the reservoir was built to 0.15 mm / 2 after the reservoir was put into operation. The width of the main channel in the wandering section increased from 943 m in 1999 to 1 275 m in 2015, and the width of the transitional section and the bend section of the section was adjusted slightly. In addition, the flat-beach discharge of each section also increased significantly, and the wandering section and the transitional section also increased significantly. The flat discharge in the bend section increased from 3 229 2 339U 3 080 m3 / s after the flood in 1999 to 7 126 4 864 4 721 m3 / s after the flood in 2015. The horizontal shape of the riverbed remained stable in general, and the amplitude of the deep swinging decreased in each reach. The annual average amplitude of deep swinging in wandering section is reduced from 234 m before reservoir construction to 123mt4 reach after reservoir operation. The shape parameters of flat channel (such as the width of flat river, the depth of flat bank, the area of flat beach) are reduced. The flat-beach discharge) and the intensity of deep swinging are closely related to the average scour intensity of the water flow in the first 4 years after the reservoir is put into operation.
【作者單位】： 武漢大學(xué)水資源與水電工程科學(xué)國家重點實驗室;
【分類號】：TV147

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