本文選題：渠道抗凍脹 + 輔助軟件　； 參考：《西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：在我國北方地區(qū)當(dāng)冬季氣溫降到零度以下時，負(fù)氣溫對土建工程有一定的破壞作用，對渠道防滲工程的破壞尤為嚴(yán)重。襯砌渠道工程發(fā)生凍脹破壞問題后，，降低了渠系工程的輸水效率，造成水資源的嚴(yán)重浪費。因此，防治這些地區(qū)的渠道凍脹破壞成為了一個亟待解決的工程問題。準(zhǔn)確進行渠道抗凍脹計算，擬用合適的防凍脹措施，是研究渠道凍脹的重點方向。 以往的渠道抗凍脹設(shè)計以參閱規(guī)范的人工手算為主，計算量大，計算過程中選用參數(shù)多，部分參數(shù)需查圖、查表獲得；查圖查表過程單調(diào)繁瑣且隨機性高偶然誤差大。因此考慮開發(fā)輔助設(shè)計軟件來替代這些重復(fù)、繁雜的工作，從而提高渠道抗凍脹設(shè)計的效率和準(zhǔn)確性。在防凍脹措施方面，一些地區(qū)的渠段雖利用聚苯乙烯保溫板來防凍脹破壞,但具體的鋪設(shè)厚度一般是根據(jù)有關(guān)規(guī)范，直接計算出保溫板的厚度，這樣計算出的結(jié)果往往不是最經(jīng)濟最合理的，因此需要對其鋪設(shè)厚度進行優(yōu)化。 針對混凝土襯砌渠道凍脹破壞，本文論述了國內(nèi)外在關(guān)于渠道凍脹方面的研究進展；總結(jié)了目前在渠道上廣泛使用的防凍脹工程措施，并且著重做了以下的研究工作: （1）以甘肅靖會渠道為原型渠道，將渠基土和襯砌體視為整體結(jié)構(gòu)，按照各向同性凍土介質(zhì)并結(jié)合有限元分析軟件ABAQUS，對鋪設(shè)了不同厚度的保溫板的襯砌渠道進行熱、應(yīng)力直接耦合分析計算，得出在采取不同保溫措施條件下，渠道的溫度場和位移場的分布規(guī)律。通過對比分析，得出最優(yōu)保溫板厚度陰陽坡為8cm，渠底為3cm。 （2）本文模型擬用考慮渠道陰陽坡不同遮陰程度的情況下，由凍結(jié)期內(nèi)各月的平均氣溫推導(dǎo)得到渠道各個部位的表面溫度值。對缺乏渠道各個部位的表面溫度實測值的模擬模型有一定的借鑒意義。通過實驗結(jié)果和計算機模擬結(jié)果對比分析，渠道的溫度場、設(shè)計凍深、應(yīng)力場的分布規(guī)律基本一致，說明本文提出的數(shù)值模擬方法是合理可行的。 （3）依據(jù)SL23—2006《渠系工程抗凍脹設(shè)計規(guī)范》，基于C++編程開發(fā)了襯砌渠道抗凍脹輔助設(shè)計軟件。軟件對計算過程進行可視化，能訪問Access數(shù)據(jù)庫讀取相應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)，并根據(jù)規(guī)范的設(shè)計理論將查圖過程還原為原始公式，提高了計算結(jié)果的精度。 （4）渠道抗凍脹輔助設(shè)計軟件界面友好，操作簡單，實用性強。軟件運行結(jié)果與人工計算結(jié)果完全吻合，因此軟件計算結(jié)果正確可靠，精度滿足要求，設(shè)計成果能夠為實際工程所應(yīng)用，且大大提高了渠道抗凍脹設(shè)計的工作效率。
[Abstract]:When the temperature drops below zero in winter in northern China, negative temperature has a certain destructive effect on civil engineering, especially on canal seepage control project. After frost heaving damage occurs in lining canal engineering, the efficiency of canal system project is reduced and water resources are wasted seriously. Therefore, the prevention of frost-heaving damage in these areas has become an urgent engineering problem. Accurate calculation of channel frost heaving and appropriate anti-frost heaving measures are the key directions of channel frost heaving research. In the past, the design of anti-freezing heaving of the channel was mainly manual calculation with reference to the specification, with large amount of calculation, many parameters selected in the calculation process, some parameters needed to be checked and obtained from the table, and the process of checking the chart was monotonous and tedious, and the randomness was high, and the random error was large. In order to improve the efficiency and accuracy of channel anti-frost heaving design, it is considered to develop assistant design software to replace these repetitive and complicated work. In terms of anti-freeze expansion measures, although polystyrene insulation boards are used to prevent frost expansion and damage in some areas, the specific laying thickness is generally calculated directly according to the relevant codes, and the thickness of the insulation boards is calculated directly. The calculated results are often not the most economical and reasonable, so it is necessary to optimize the laying thickness. In view of frost heaving damage of concrete lining channel, this paper discusses the research progress on channel frost heave at home and abroad, summarizes the anti-frost heaving engineering measures widely used in the channel at present. And the following research work has been done emphatically: (1) taking the Jinghui channel in Gansu as the prototype channel, the foundation soil and the lining of the canal are regarded as the whole structure. According to the isotropic permafrost medium and the finite element analysis software Abaqus, the thermal and stress coupling analysis of the lining channel with different thickness insulation plates is carried out, and the results show that the heat preservation measures are adopted under different conditions. The distribution of temperature field and displacement field. Through comparison and analysis, it is obtained that the optimal thickness of the insulation board is 8 cm for the yin-yang slope and 3 cm for the bottom of the canal. (2) the model of this paper is intended to take into account the different shading degree of the channel's Yinyang slope. The average temperature of each month during the freezing period is derived from the surface temperature of each part of the channel. It can be used for reference to the simulation model of surface temperature measurement in different parts of the channel. Through the comparison and analysis between the experimental results and the computer simulation results, the temperature field of the channel, the design of the freezing depth, and the distribution of the stress field are basically the same. The numerical simulation method presented in this paper is reasonable and feasible. (3) according to SL23-2006 "Design Code for Frost heaving of Canal system Engineering", the software of anti-frost heaving design of lining channel is developed based on C program. The software can visualize the calculation process, access the Access database to read the corresponding data, and restore the mapping process to the original formula according to the standard design theory. The accuracy of the calculation results is improved. (4) the channel anti-freeze heaving aided design software has friendly interface, simple operation and strong practicability. The result of software operation is in good agreement with the result of manual calculation. Therefore, the result of software calculation is correct and reliable, the precision meets the requirement, the design result can be applied in practical engineering, and the working efficiency of the design of channel anti-frost heaving is greatly improved.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TV698.26;TP391.7

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