本文選題：河口航道 + 地形沖淤�。� 參考：《華南理工大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：航道,作為連接港口內(nèi)外的紐帶,是船舶進出港口的通道,在港口建設(shè)和運營中起著至關(guān)重要的作用。但世界上許多港口和航道都遭受著泥沙淤積問題,不得不通過整治和維護疏浚來保持需要的水深。本文模擬計算珠海電廠航道及附近水域的地形沖淤,分析泥沙輸移特征,探討潮流、波浪和風等動力因素及工程因素對沖淤的影響,主要研究內(nèi)容及成果如下:(1)運用Delft3D軟件建立黃茅海河口灣二維泥沙數(shù)學模型,通過水位、流速、流量和含沙量驗證后,對珠海電廠航道及附近水域的洪、枯季地形沖淤進行模擬計算。(2)計算結(jié)果顯示,沖淤分布規(guī)律與水動力條件和地形密切相關(guān)。無論洪季還是枯季,沖刷范圍均呈帶狀分布于大芒島-三角山-南水島峽口和荷包島-高欄島峽口間的主流帶區(qū)域,淤積發(fā)生在沖刷帶兩側(cè)。洪、枯季均以淤積為主,但洪季淤積更嚴重,枯季沖刷更嚴重。電廠航道沿程淤積強度呈“中間大、兩頭小”的特征,洪、枯季最大淤強分別為0.89m/年和0.81m/年,全段航道沿程平均淤強分別為0.59m/年和0.49m/年。(3)統(tǒng)計各峽口斷面的泥沙輸移量:洪季計算時段內(nèi),從三角山-南水島、大芒島-三角山、荷包島-高欄島和荷包島-大芒島4個斷面向高欄港水域輸入泥沙體積比為2.9:9.2:8.5:1,輸出泥沙體積比為0.5:1.1:1.9:1;枯季計算時段內(nèi),從這4個斷面輸入泥沙體積比為10.8:26.3:11.2:1,輸出泥沙體積比為1.5:2.6:2.9:1.大芒島-三角山-南水島和荷包島-高欄島峽口是高欄港水域泥沙輸移的主要通道。(4)探討潮流、波浪和風對珠海電廠航道及附近水域沖淤的影響,發(fā)現(xiàn)波浪對沖淤的影響較為明顯。(5)防波堤能夠有效降低電廠航道的最大淤強和平均淤強,對電廠航道起到了顯著的減淤效果。隨著防波堤長度加長,減淤效果逐漸提高,但提高的幅度逐漸降低。能否通過加長防波堤來進一步降低電廠航道的泥沙淤積強度、緩解航道泥沙淤積問題,還需要更深入的研究與論證。
[Abstract]:As a link between port and port, waterway is the passage for ships to enter and exit port, which plays an important role in port construction and operation. However, many ports and waterways in the world suffer from silt deposition, and they have to maintain the depth of water by dredging and dredging. In this paper, the topography scouring and siltation of the channel and nearby waters of Zhuhai Power Plant are simulated and calculated, and the characteristics of sediment transport are analyzed, and the influence of dynamic factors, such as tidal current, wave and wind, and engineering factors on the siltation is discussed. The main research contents and results are as follows: (1) using Delft 3D software, the two-dimensional sediment mathematical model of Huangmaohai Estuary Bay is established. After the verification of water level, velocity, discharge and sediment content, the flood in the channel and nearby waters of Zhuhai Power Plant is studied. (2) the results show that the distribution of scour and deposition is closely related to hydrodynamic conditions and topography. No matter in flood season or dry season, the scour range is distributed in the mainstream zone between Dawangdao, Triangle Mountain and Nanshui Island fjords and between Hebao Island and Gaolan Island fjords, where siltation occurs on both sides of the scouring zone. Flood, dry season are mainly silt, but the flood season silt is more serious, dry season scour is more serious. The siltation intensity along the channel of the power plant shows the characteristics of "middle big, two ends small". The maximum siltation intensity in flood and dry season is 0.89m/ year and 0.81m/ year, respectively. The average siltation intensity along the whole channel is 0.59m/ year and 0.49m/ year respectively. (3) count the sediment transport amount of each Fjakou section: during the calculation period of flood season, from Triangle Mountain to Nanshui Island, from Big Mang Island to Triangle Mountain, from Triangle Mountain to Nanshui Island, from Big Mang Island to Triangle Mountain, The volume ratio of sediment input from the four sections of Hebao Island, Gaolan Island and Homao Island to the waters of Gaolan Port is 2.9: 9.2: 8.5: 1, and the ratio of output sediment volume to that of output sediment is 0.5: 1.1: 1.91. In the dry season calculation period, the ratio of input sediment volume to sediment volume from these four sections is 10.8: 26.3: 11.2: 1, and the output sediment volume ratio is 1.5: 2.6: 2.91. Damang Island, Triangle Mountain, Nanshui Island and Hebao Island, Gaolan Island, are the main channels for sediment transport in Gaolan Harbor. (4) the influence of tidal current, wave and wind on the erosion and siltation of the channel and nearby waters of Zhuhai Power Plant is discussed. It is found that the influence of wave against siltation is obvious. (5) Breakwater can effectively reduce the maximum siltation intensity and average siltation intensity of the channel of power plant and play a significant role in reducing the siltation of the channel of power plant. As the length of breakwater lengthens, the silt reduction effect increases gradually, but the increasing range decreases gradually. It is necessary to further study and prove whether it is possible to further reduce the siltation intensity of the waterway of power plant by lengthening the breakwater and alleviate the problem of siltation in the waterway.
【學位授予單位】：華南理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TV148

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