本文選題：含沙洪水 + 潰堤　； 參考：《天津大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：分析潰堤洪水風(fēng)險(xiǎn)可以為防洪決策提供依據(jù),對(duì)于泥沙含量較高的河流而言,潰堤洪水為含沙水流,含沙潰堤洪水在造成洪水淹沒(méi)的同時(shí)伴隨著泥沙沖淤。大量的泥沙淤積會(huì)加重洪水的潰堤風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和財(cái)產(chǎn)損失。同時(shí),潰堤洪水造成的床面沖淤變化會(huì)影響洪水演進(jìn)和進(jìn)洪過(guò)程,因此評(píng)估多沙河流堤防潰決時(shí)水沙聯(lián)合作用引起的災(zāi)情對(duì)控制潰堤風(fēng)險(xiǎn)具有實(shí)際意義。本文在前人研究的基礎(chǔ)上,針對(duì)洪泛區(qū)的實(shí)際情況,建立適合于多沙河道的潰堤洪水?dāng)?shù)學(xué)模型,并將模型應(yīng)用于黃河某潰口的潰堤洪水計(jì)算,分析含沙潰堤洪水的水沙運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律,研究床面泥沙沖淤對(duì)潰堤出流和洪水演進(jìn)速度的影響,評(píng)估水沙聯(lián)合作用下的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。主要研究?jī)?nèi)容如下:(1)采用非結(jié)構(gòu)化三角網(wǎng)格建模,建立一個(gè)適合于多沙河道與復(fù)雜洪泛區(qū)的二維潰堤洪水水沙數(shù)學(xué)模型。模型考慮床面沖淤變化對(duì)水沙運(yùn)動(dòng)的影響,對(duì)洪泛區(qū)的道路、村莊等建筑物進(jìn)行概化處理,通過(guò)適時(shí)改變潰口的長(zhǎng)度和高度來(lái)模擬潰口橫向展寬和縱向沖刷的發(fā)展過(guò)程。模型單元界面的水動(dòng)力通量采用基于近似黎曼解的Roe格式計(jì)算,泥沙通量采用TVD-MUSCL格式求解。(2)分別采用定床潰壩試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)和動(dòng)床潰壩試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)模型進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證,將模型數(shù)據(jù)與試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析發(fā)現(xiàn),模型既能較好地模擬定床條件下的堤壩潰決水流運(yùn)動(dòng),又能較好地模擬動(dòng)床條件下的堤壩潰決的水沙運(yùn)動(dòng)和床面沖於變化。(3)將模型應(yīng)用于黃河某險(xiǎn)工段100年一遇含沙水流潰堤模擬,對(duì)模型的水位、流速、含沙量、床面沖於等計(jì)算結(jié)果進(jìn)行分析�？偨Y(jié)含沙潰堤水流的水沙運(yùn)動(dòng)和泥沙沖淤規(guī)律。(4)為了分析泥沙沖淤對(duì)潰堤出流和洪水演進(jìn)過(guò)程的影響,將應(yīng)用實(shí)例分“清水定床”、“清水動(dòng)床”、“含沙洪水定床”和“含沙洪水動(dòng)床”四種模型進(jìn)計(jì)算,并對(duì)四種模型的潰堤出流計(jì)算結(jié)果進(jìn)行比較,分析泥沙沖淤對(duì)潰堤出流和洪水演進(jìn)過(guò)程影響的原因,評(píng)估水沙聯(lián)合作用下的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。研究結(jié)果表明,多沙河道潰堤洪水的含沙量沿程減小,淹沒(méi)范圍內(nèi)會(huì)形成較大范圍的泥沙淤積,泥沙淤積體主要集中在潰口沖刷坑外圍附近,泥沙淤積體呈環(huán)形分布。潰口附近的泥沙沖淤會(huì)影響潰堤洪水的潰堤出流量和洪水演進(jìn)過(guò)程,沖刷坑的形成會(huì)增大潰堤出流量和淹沒(méi)范圍,淤積體的形成會(huì)減小潰堤出流量和淹沒(méi)范圍。研究結(jié)果對(duì)多沙河道防洪防沙決策具有一定的指導(dǎo)價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:Analyzing the flood risk of embankment break can provide the basis for flood control decision. For rivers with high sediment content, embankment break flood is a sediment bearing flow, and sediment erosion and siltation are accompanied by the flood caused by sediment break flood at the same time. A large amount of silt will increase the risk of flood breakwater and property loss. At the same time, the change of bed surface scour and silt caused by embankment break flood will affect the flood routing and flood inflow process. Therefore, it is of practical significance to evaluate the disaster situation caused by the combined action of water and sediment in the course of embankment collapse in many sand rivers in order to control the risk of embankment break. On the basis of previous studies and in view of the actual situation in the floodplain, this paper establishes a mathematical model of embankment break flood suitable for the Dosha River channel, and applies the model to the calculation of the breakwater flood at a certain breakage of the Yellow River. This paper analyzes the rule of water and sediment movement of flood with sediment break, studies the influence of sediment scouring and silting on the velocity of flood flow and flood routing, and assesses the risk under the combined action of water and sand. The main contents are as follows: (1) an unstructured triangular mesh model is used to establish a two-dimensional mathematical model of flood water and sediment for multi-sand channel and complex floodplain. Considering the influence of bed erosion and siltation on the movement of water and sediment, the model generalizes the buildings in floodplain area, such as roads and villages, and simulates the development process of transverse widening and longitudinal erosion of the burst by changing the length and height of the burst at the right time. The hydrodynamic flux at the interface of the model is calculated by Roe scheme based on approximate Riemannian solution, and sediment flux is solved by TVD-MUSCL scheme. (2) the model is verified by the fixed bed dam-break test data and the moving-bed dam-break test data, respectively. By comparing the model data with the experimental data, it is found that the model can not only simulate the movement of burst flow under fixed bed condition, It can also be used to simulate the movement of water and sediment and the change of bed surface flushing under the condition of moving bed. (3) the model is applied to a dangerous section of the Yellow River once in 100 years to simulate the water level, velocity and sediment content of the model. The results of calculation are analyzed. In order to analyze the influence of sediment erosion and siltation on the discharge and flood evolution process of break embankment, the application examples are divided into "clear water fixed bed" and "clear water moving bed". Four models of "sediment bearing flood fixed bed" and "sediment flood moving bed" were calculated, and the results of the four models were compared, and the reasons for the influence of sediment scouring and silting on the breakwater discharge and flood routing process were analyzed. Assess the risk of a combination of water and sand. The results show that the sediment content of the embankment burst flood of the Duosha River Road decreases along the course, and a large area of sediment siltation will be formed in the submerged area. The sediment silt is mainly concentrated near the scour pit of the crater, and the sediment silt is distributed in a circular way. The sediment scouring and silting near the breakwater will affect the discharge and the course of flood routing, the formation of scour pit will increase the discharge and inundation range, and the formation of silt will reduce the discharge and submergence range. The research results have certain guiding value for the decision of flood control and sand control of the Duosha River channel.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TV122.4

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