本文選題：變水頭 + 無壓隧洞　； 參考：《大連理工大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：在我國,水資源存在分布不均的現(xiàn)象,不僅南北、東西存在嚴(yán)重水資源的差異,而且即是同一個(gè)地區(qū)也存在水資源分布不均的現(xiàn)象。加之近些年來生態(tài)環(huán)境遭到嚴(yán)重破壞,水體污染嚴(yán)重,水資源緊缺的問題越來越成為社會關(guān)注的熱點(diǎn)。因此興建水利設(shè)施成為調(diào)整水資源分布解決水資源短缺的重要手段。 水利工程中引水隧洞是最主要的輸水建筑物,引水隧洞分為無壓輸水隧洞和有壓引水隧洞。引水隧洞在運(yùn)行過程中經(jīng)常會遇到流態(tài)紊亂、流速過大、空蝕空化、明滿交替、流激振動(dòng)等水力學(xué)問題,因此在引水隧洞設(shè)計(jì)時(shí),均需要考慮隧洞內(nèi)部水流特性和消能問題,這對于引水隧洞正常的運(yùn)行以及對整個(gè)工程的安全至關(guān)重要。 本文以引水工程為背景作為研究對象,主要采用物理模型試驗(yàn)的方法進(jìn)行無壓輸水隧洞在變水頭條件下水流特性及消能的研究。本工程無壓輸水隧洞水流特性主要有以下幾個(gè)特點(diǎn),水頭高,變幅大,洞內(nèi)流速大,閘門調(diào)度復(fù)雜,洞內(nèi)的消能工布置困難。模型試驗(yàn)研究過程中,通過在變水頭條件下進(jìn)行閘門調(diào)度和測量洞內(nèi)流速、水面線、壓力等水力因素來研究無壓引水隧洞的水流特性。 同時(shí)對于無壓輸水隧洞的消能,突破常規(guī)的洞外出口消能,而采取洞內(nèi)布置消能工的方式進(jìn)行消能。試驗(yàn)研究過程中,隧洞內(nèi)部消能工采用消力池形式進(jìn)行消能研究。通過對消力池進(jìn)行優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì),改善了隧洞內(nèi)部的水流流態(tài),達(dá)到了一定的消能效果,滿足了工程的要求。 本課題在模型試驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上針對變水頭條件下無壓輸水隧洞水流特性和洞內(nèi)消能兩方面進(jìn)行了初步研究,其成果可以為該工程的設(shè)計(jì)提供依據(jù),同時(shí)也為類似工程設(shè)計(jì)提供參考。
[Abstract]:In China, there is a phenomenon of uneven distribution of water resources, not only in the north and south, but also in the east and west, and even in the same area there is a phenomenon of uneven distribution of water resources. In addition, in recent years, the ecological environment has been seriously damaged, the water pollution is serious, and the water resources shortage has become the focus of social attention. Therefore, the construction of water conservancy facilities has become an important means to adjust the distribution of water resources to solve the shortage of water resources. Diversion tunnel is the main water conveyance structure in water conservancy engineering. The diversion tunnel is divided into pressure free water diversion tunnel and pressure water diversion tunnel. In the course of operation, the diversion tunnel often encounters some hydraulic problems, such as turbulent flow pattern, excessive velocity, cavitation, alternating open and full flow, fluid-induced vibration and so on. Therefore, in the design of the diversion tunnel, it is necessary to consider the characteristics of water flow and energy dissipation in the tunnel. This is very important for the normal operation of the diversion tunnel and the safety of the whole project. In this paper, based on the background of water diversion project, the physical model test method is used to study the flow characteristics and energy dissipation of the pressure free water conveyance tunnel under the condition of variable water head. The characteristics of water flow in the unpressurized water conveyance tunnel of this project are as follows: high water head, large amplitude of variation, large velocity of flow in the tunnel, complex gate dispatching and difficult arrangement of energy dissipators in the tunnel. In the course of model test and research, the flow characteristics of unpressurized diversion tunnel are studied by the hydraulic factors such as velocity, water surface line, pressure and so on, which are controlled by gate and measured under the condition of variable head. At the same time, the energy dissipation of the unpressurized water conveyance tunnel breaks through the conventional outlet energy dissipation outside the tunnel, and the energy dissipation is carried out by the arrangement of energy dissipators in the tunnel. In the course of experimental study, the energy dissipation in tunnel is studied in the form of dissipation pool. By optimizing the design of the stilling pool, the flow pattern in the tunnel is improved, the energy dissipation effect is achieved and the engineering requirements are met. On the basis of the model test, this paper makes a preliminary study on the flow characteristics and energy dissipation of the unpressurized water conveyance tunnel under the condition of variable head, and the results can provide the basis for the design of the project. At the same time, it also provides reference for similar engineering design.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TV135

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