本文選題：深厚軟土地基 + 格型鋼板樁　； 參考：《天津大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：在我國社會、經(jīng)濟發(fā)展最活躍的渤海灣沿岸、連云港以南的蘇北沿海、長江口、杭州灣、閩江口、珠江口和海南島西北部等沿岸海域,廣泛分布著深厚軟弱土地基,給港口與海岸工程建筑物設(shè)計帶來巨大困難。在軟土地基上進行港口與海岸建設(shè)是無法回避的問題。采用適合軟弱土地基條件的新型海岸工程結(jié)構(gòu),是目前在軟基上建造防波堤和碼頭的有效手段。格型鋼板樁結(jié)構(gòu)由若干單塊鋼板樁在現(xiàn)場通過鎖口連接拼裝成圓形、橢圓形或多邊形的格體并打入地基后形成,是適用于軟弱土地基條件的水工建筑物。然而,相比類似的筒型基礎(chǔ)結(jié)構(gòu),格型鋼板樁結(jié)構(gòu)與土之間相互作用更為復(fù)雜,承載機理和破壞模式尚不清楚,缺乏可靠的設(shè)計與計算方法,限制了格型鋼板樁結(jié)構(gòu)的應(yīng)用。另外,波浪等循環(huán)荷載通過堤身、拋石基床和砂質(zhì)土置換層傳遞給軟土地基的循環(huán)應(yīng)力對軟土強度和變形特性的影響及循環(huán)荷載作用下軟土地基上格型鋼板樁防波堤的承載機理、破壞模式和穩(wěn)定特性等,也是有待解決的問題。本文結(jié)合實際工程,以格型鋼板樁防波堤和碼頭為主要研究對象開展一系列的研究工作。主要內(nèi)容和結(jié)論如下:1.針對格型鋼板樁結(jié)構(gòu)的幾何特性和結(jié)構(gòu)特點,在大型有限元軟件ABAQUS上,建立格型鋼板樁防波堤結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)定性及格體環(huán)向應(yīng)力分析的三維靜力有限元模型。采用殼體單元模擬薄壁板樁,在相鄰板樁之間設(shè)置鉸接連接器模擬板樁之間的相對轉(zhuǎn)動,并考慮鉸接連接器之間的摩擦作用;土體應(yīng)力應(yīng)變關(guān)系采用Mohr-Coulomb本構(gòu)模型來模擬,格型鋼板樁與其內(nèi)、外土體之間的滑移、張裂和閉合采用接觸面單元模擬。為方便大量數(shù)值計算,同時建立不考慮板樁間鉸接特性的殼體單元模型和整體的實體單元模型的簡化建模方法。并建立格型鋼板樁防波堤穩(wěn)定性分析的有限元加載系數(shù)法和碼頭穩(wěn)定性分析的有限元強度折減法,以及格體強度有限元分析方法和格內(nèi)土體剪切變形有限元分析方法。針對工程算例,驗證了有限元數(shù)值模型對格體環(huán)向應(yīng)力分析以及穩(wěn)定性分析的準(zhǔn)確性。2.針對具體工程算例,系統(tǒng)分析了格型鋼板樁防波堤在波浪靜力荷載作用下的結(jié)構(gòu)整體位移特性、格倉內(nèi)土體剪切變形特性、格體內(nèi)、外土壓力分布以及格體環(huán)向應(yīng)力等特性,并研究了格型鋼板樁結(jié)構(gòu)在波浪靜力作用下的承載機理和破壞模式,為格型鋼板樁結(jié)構(gòu)的工程應(yīng)用和實用設(shè)計、計算方法的建立奠定基礎(chǔ)。將不考慮板樁之間鉸接特性的殼體單元有限元模型和實體單元有限元模型計算結(jié)果與考慮板樁之間鉸接特性的殼體單元有限元數(shù)值模型計算結(jié)果進行比較分析,分別探討格型鋼板樁薄壁特性和鉸接特性對格型鋼板樁防波堤的破壞模式、格倉內(nèi)土體剪切變形特性、格體內(nèi)外土壓力分布以及格體環(huán)向應(yīng)力等的影響,給出適合實際工程設(shè)計的格型鋼板樁結(jié)構(gòu)簡化建模方法。對格型鋼板樁碼頭開展大量有限元數(shù)值模擬,得到格型鋼板樁碼頭的破壞模式,并對格型鋼板樁碼頭的穩(wěn)定性進行研究。3.對格型鋼板樁防波堤數(shù)值模型進行模態(tài)分析基礎(chǔ)上,采用三維彈塑性隱式動力分析步對格型鋼板樁結(jié)構(gòu)在波浪循環(huán)荷載作用下的整體位移和環(huán)向應(yīng)力等動力響應(yīng)特性進行分析,建立格型鋼板樁防波堤動力穩(wěn)定性分析方法,并與靜力模型結(jié)果進行比較,為考慮軟土地基循環(huán)弱化效應(yīng)的格型鋼板樁結(jié)構(gòu)動力運算奠定基礎(chǔ)。4.基于軟黏土孔壓發(fā)展模型和動三軸試驗成果,建立了軟黏土不排水強度隨循環(huán)荷載作用次數(shù)和動、靜應(yīng)力以及圍壓水平變化的動力計算模型。基于不排水強度動力計算模型和M-C屈服準(zhǔn)則,在大型有限元軟件ABAQUS平臺上進行二次開發(fā),建立了考慮軟土地基不排水強度循環(huán)弱化效應(yīng)的動力有限元法,并對動力有限元法的正確性進行驗證。5.基于動力有限元法,建立考慮軟土地基循環(huán)弱化效應(yīng)的格型鋼板樁結(jié)構(gòu)三維有限元數(shù)值分析模型,并建立考慮軟基不排水強度循環(huán)弱化效應(yīng)的結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)定性分析方法。對軟土地基在循環(huán)荷載下的孔壓增長特性、軟土不排水強度和變形特性及軟土地基上格型鋼板樁防波堤結(jié)構(gòu)的承載機理、破壞模式和穩(wěn)定特性等進行研究,并與靜力、擬靜力方法計算結(jié)果進行對比。6.為方便工程設(shè)計人員直接應(yīng)用,基于有限元分析成果,提出了格型鋼板樁防波堤穩(wěn)定性分析的簡化算法。采用有限元方法對無錨板樁碼頭穩(wěn)定性計算模型結(jié)果進行對比驗證,為格型鋼板樁碼頭抗傾穩(wěn)定性分析的簡化設(shè)計計算提供依據(jù)。針對簡化算法適用范圍的局限性,建立考慮格型鋼板樁碼頭幾何特性、受力機理、轉(zhuǎn)動點位置等因素的極限平衡方法,對抗傾覆穩(wěn)定性安全系數(shù)進行準(zhǔn)確計算。結(jié)合有限元數(shù)值成果并參照現(xiàn)有規(guī)范的計算方法,建議了格體內(nèi)部填料抗剪切變形驗算方法,并建立格型鋼板樁結(jié)構(gòu)鎖口應(yīng)力驗算方法。以上實用設(shè)計計算方法具有較高的精度,且相比有限元方法更為簡單實用。
[Abstract]:In our country, the most active Bohai bay along the coast of the economy, the coastal waters of North Jiangsu, the Yangtze Estuary, the Hangzhou Bay, the Hangzhou Bay, the Minjiang mouth, the Pearl River mouth and the northwest of Hainan Island are widely distributed in the coastal waters of the south of Lianyungang, and it is very difficult for the design of port and coastal engineering buildings. Construction is an unavoidable problem. It is an effective means to build a new coastal engineering structure suitable for soft ground base conditions. It is an effective means to build a breakwater and a wharf on the soft ground. However, the interaction between the structure and the soil is more complex than the similar cylindrical foundation structure, and the bearing mechanism and failure mode are not clear. The lack of reliable design and calculation methods restrict the application of the structure of the lattice steel sheet pile. In addition, the cyclic loads such as waves pass through. The influence of cyclic stress on soft soil foundation, such as embankment body, riprap bed and sandy soil replacement layer, on soft soil strength and deformation characteristics, and the bearing mechanism, failure mode and stability characteristics of lattice steel sheet pile on soft soil foundation under cyclic loading are also a question to be solved. The main contents and conclusions are as follows: 1. in view of the geometric and structural characteristics of the lattice steel sheet pile structure, on the large finite element software ABAQUS, the three-dimensional static finite element model of the structural stability of the lattice steel sheet pile and the analysis of the circumferential stress of the lattice pile is established. The shell element simulates the thin wall plate pile, and the relative rotation between the plate piles is simulated between the adjacent plate piles, and the friction between the articulated connectors is considered. The stress and strain relationship of the soil is simulated by the Mohr-Coulomb constitutive model. The slip, the crack and the close contact surface between the lattice steel sheet pile and the inner soil and the outer soil are used. In order to facilitate a large number of numerical calculations, the simplified modeling method of the shell element model and the solid element model which does not consider the hinge joint characteristics of the plate pile is established, and the finite element loading coefficient method and the strength reduction method for the stability analysis of the lattice steel sheet pile and the strength reduction method of the stability analysis of the wharf are established, as well as the strength of the lattice. The finite element method of finite element analysis and the finite element analysis method for the shear deformation of the soil soil. According to the engineering example, the finite element numerical model is used to verify the accuracy of the stress analysis of the lattice and the accuracy of the stability analysis.2. for specific engineering examples. The structural overall position of the lattice steel sheet pile breakwater under the action of the wave static load is systematically analyzed. The characteristics of shear deformation, the characteristics of the shear deformation in the silo, the distribution of the internal pressure in the body, the distribution of the outer earth pressure and the cyclic stress of the lattice, and the bearing mechanism and failure mode of the lattice steel sheet pile under the static wave action are studied, which will lay the foundation for the engineering application, the practical design and the establishment of the calculation method for the lattice steel sheet pile structure. The finite element model of the shell element and the finite element model of solid element are compared with the calculation results of the finite element numerical model of the shell element considering the hinge characteristics between the piles and the plate pile, and the failure mode of the lattice steel sheet pile and the hinge characteristics to the breakwater of the lattice pile is discussed respectively. The shear deformation characteristics of soil, the distribution of the internal and external pressure of the body and the ring stress of the lattice, give the simplified modeling method of the lattice steel sheet pile structure suitable for the actual engineering design. A large number of finite element numerical simulation is carried out on the lattice steel sheet pile wharf, and the failure mode of the lattice steel sheet pile wharf is obtained, and the stability of the lattice steel sheet pile wharf is stable. On the basis of the modal analysis of the numerical model of the lattice steel sheet pile breakwater,.3. is used to analyze the dynamic response characteristics of the structural steel sheet pile under the action of wave cyclic loading and the dynamic response characteristics of the lattice steel sheet pile structure under the wave cyclic loading are analyzed, and the dynamic stability analysis of the lattice steel sheet pile is established. In comparison with the static model, the foundation.4. based on the pore pressure development model of soft clay and the dynamic three axis test results are established to calculate the dynamic operation of the lattice steel sheet pile structure with the soft soil cyclic weakening effect. The dynamics of the undrained strength of soft clay with cyclic loading times, dynamic, static stress and confining pressure level are established. Based on the dynamic calculation model of undrained strength and the M-C yield criterion, two times are developed on the ABAQUS platform of large finite element software, and the dynamic finite element method is established to consider the cyclic weakening effect of the undrained strength of the soft soil foundation. The correctness of the dynamic finite element method is verified by the dynamic finite element method based on the dynamic finite element method, and the consideration of the dynamic finite element method is established to consider the dynamic finite element method (.5.). The three-dimensional finite element numerical analysis model of the lattice steel sheet pile structure of soft soil foundation, and the structural stability analysis method considering the cyclic weakening effect of the soft foundation undrained strength, the pore pressure growth characteristic of soft soil foundation under cyclic loading, the undrained strength and deformation characteristics of soft soil and the lattice steel sheet pile on the soft soil foundation The bearing mechanism, failure mode and stability characteristics of the breakwater structure are studied, and compared with the static and pseudo static calculation results,.6. is used for the convenience of engineering designers. Based on the results of the finite element analysis, a simplified algorithm for the stability analysis of the breakwater of the lattice steel sheet pile is proposed. The results of the stability calculation model of the wharf are compared and verified, which provides the basis for the simplified design and calculation of the anti tilt stability analysis of the grid type steel sheet pile wharf. In view of the limitation of the application range of the simplified algorithm, the limit equilibrium method of considering the geometric characteristics, the force mechanism and the position position of the lattice steel plate pile wharf is set up to resist the stability of the overturning stability. The coefficient of sexual safety is calculated accurately. Combining the numerical results of the finite element and the calculation method of the existing specifications, the method of checking the shear deformation of the internal packing of the lattice is proposed, and the method of checking the stress of the lattice plate pile is established. The above practical design method has high accuracy and is simpler and more simple than the finite element method. Use.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：U656

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