本文選題：減水河段 + 生態(tài)環(huán)境��； 參考：《西北大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著自然界的水文循環(huán),水能可反復(fù)再生的為人類持續(xù)利用。人類社會(huì)為滿足經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和社會(huì)進(jìn)步的需求,采取水利工程措施來對(duì)河流進(jìn)行控制和改造以達(dá)到水能開發(fā)利用的目的。在水能利用帶來十分可觀的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益和積極環(huán)境效益的同時(shí),也造成了不同程度的負(fù)面影響。 本文以培江上游某引水式水電站大壩下游的減水河段為研究對(duì)象,依據(jù)維持河段原有水生生態(tài)環(huán)境和魚類生境的要求,對(duì)減水河段的最小生態(tài)下泄流量進(jìn)行研究,同時(shí)對(duì)工程建設(shè)可能對(duì)下游生態(tài)環(huán)境造成的影響進(jìn)行分析并提出相應(yīng)的影響減緩措施。 本研究獲得以下成果： (1)生態(tài)影響 引水式水電站作為水電開發(fā)一種重要形式,在水能利用領(lǐng)域里被廣泛采用。但是其在施工建設(shè)和運(yùn)行發(fā)電等時(shí)期會(huì)對(duì)下游河流生態(tài)造成不可回避的不利生態(tài)影響。例如因?yàn)樗畮煲纬捎砷l壩至廠房之間的河段減水、脫水；大壩阻隔對(duì)魚類的影響；下游水文情勢(shì)的影響；以及減水及水文情勢(shì)改變對(duì)水生、陸生生態(tài)造成的影響等。 (2)生態(tài)需水量 在對(duì)國內(nèi)外相關(guān)研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上,分析目前對(duì)于壩下減水河段生態(tài)需水量計(jì)算方法的原理、適用范圍及特點(diǎn)。通過對(duì)研究河段的斷面參數(shù)、水力生境參數(shù)的研究分析及影響區(qū)域的生態(tài)環(huán)境現(xiàn)狀的調(diào)查分析,選取生態(tài)水力學(xué)法計(jì)算壩下減水河段生態(tài)基流量,Tennant法對(duì)結(jié)果進(jìn)行復(fù)核驗(yàn)證。 (3)減緩措施 對(duì)工程建設(shè)可能對(duì)生態(tài)環(huán)境造成的影響進(jìn)行分析,包括下游水文情勢(shì)、泥沙情勢(shì)變化、水環(huán)境、地下水環(huán)境、陸生生態(tài)、水生生態(tài)、視覺景觀等,并基于分析結(jié)果提出相應(yīng)的生態(tài)影響減緩措施。
[Abstract]:With the hydrological cycle of nature, water energy can be regenerated repeatedly for human sustainable use. In order to meet the needs of economic development and social progress, water conservancy engineering measures are adopted to control and transform rivers in order to achieve the purpose of water energy development and utilization. Water utilization brings considerable economic benefits and positive environmental benefits at the same time it also causes negative effects to varying degrees. Based on the requirement of maintaining the original aquatic ecological environment and fish habitat, this paper studies the minimum ecological discharge of the diversion dam downstream of a diversion hydropower station in the upper reaches of the Peijiang River, according to the requirements of maintaining the original aquatic ecological environment and the fish habitat of the reach. At the same time, the impact of engineering construction on the downstream ecological environment is analyzed and the corresponding mitigation measures are put forward. The results of this study are as follows: 1) as an important form of hydropower development, ecological impact diversion hydropower station is widely used in the field of water energy utilization. However, in the period of construction and power generation, the downstream river ecology can not be avoided. For example, because of the diversion of water from the reservoir to the formation of water reduction and dehydration in the reach between the dam and the factory building; the impact of dam barriers on fish; the effect of downstream hydrological conditions; and the effects of water reduction and changes in hydrological conditions on the aquatic system, On the basis of the related research results at home and abroad, this paper analyzes the principle, application range and characteristics of the current calculation method for the ecological water demand of the river reach under the dam. Through the research and analysis of the section parameters, hydraulic habitat parameters of the river reach and the status quo of the ecological environment in the affected areas, Ecological hydraulic method is selected to calculate the ecological base discharge under dam. The result is verified by Tennant method. 3) the impact of mitigation measures on the ecological environment of the project construction is analyzed. It includes the downstream hydrological situation, sediment change, water environment, groundwater environment, terrestrial ecology, aquatic ecology, visual landscape and so on. Based on the analysis results, the corresponding ecological impact mitigation measures are proposed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TV72;X143

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