本文選題：巖溶水庫 + 巖溶發(fā)育特征��； 參考：《成都理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：水利工程建設(shè)隨著我國經(jīng)濟(jì)、技術(shù)的進(jìn)步得到了快速的發(fā)展,促使了水利工程向越來越復(fù)雜的地質(zhì)條件區(qū)域(如構(gòu)造發(fā)育帶、巖溶發(fā)育區(qū))挺近。我國西部山區(qū)存在豐富的水資源,同時(shí)也是構(gòu)造、巖溶發(fā)育的區(qū)域,在西部地區(qū)進(jìn)行水利工程建設(shè)經(jīng)常遇到巖溶發(fā)育問題,為了發(fā)展巖溶地區(qū)豐富的水利水電資源,首先要解決的是因?yàn)榭λ固氐膸r溶發(fā)育而帶來的許多復(fù)雜工程與水文地質(zhì)問題,如水庫壩址、水庫鄰谷、水庫庫區(qū)的巖溶發(fā)育所帶來的滲漏問題,由于不良地質(zhì)現(xiàn)象如喀斯特巖溶現(xiàn)象的存在,對水利工程的建設(shè)期以及運(yùn)營期都將產(chǎn)生重大的影響,也是整個(gè)項(xiàng)目成敗的關(guān)鍵因素。因此,對建設(shè)區(qū)巖溶發(fā)育的調(diào)查研究及發(fā)育程度的判定在水利項(xiàng)目建設(shè)的可行性論證時(shí)期起著重要的作用。本文中擬建的長浪壩水庫位于施甸縣西部山區(qū)李為地河上游,屬施甸河支流,壩址區(qū)右岸分布的主要地層為志留系中統(tǒng)的上仁和橋組(S2r)碳酸鹽巖夾碎屑巖(砂泥巖、頁巖)地層,發(fā)育有微小溶孔、溶槽、溶隙以及規(guī)模較小的溶洞;壩址區(qū)左岸分布的主要地層為石炭系上統(tǒng)臥牛寺組(C3w)火山巖地層,兩個(gè)地層在河谷區(qū)以斷層方式接觸,斷層走向與擬建的大壩接近垂直。水庫建成開始蓄水后,巖溶發(fā)育區(qū)及斷層破碎帶等可能形成有利的水庫滲漏通道,將會對工程的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益及利用率產(chǎn)生較大的影響,甚至還可能導(dǎo)致工程失敗。在野外的現(xiàn)場地質(zhì)調(diào)查及前期的勘探資料的基礎(chǔ)上,從壩址區(qū)所處的地質(zhì)環(huán)境條件入手,對李為地河長浪壩水庫壩址區(qū)巖溶水文地質(zhì)條件等進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)的分析;結(jié)合鉆孔的壓水試驗(yàn),簡單分析了研究區(qū)巖體的滲透特性并計(jì)算了巖體的透水率;然后對壩址區(qū)的滲漏條件、可能存在的滲漏通道以及滲漏方式進(jìn)行了闡述,采用水文地質(zhì)學(xué)解析解方法對可能存在的滲漏通道進(jìn)行滲漏量估算,再利用visual modflow軟件進(jìn)行壩址區(qū)地下水滲流場的三維數(shù)值模擬分析,通過模擬得出可能滲漏部位滲漏量情況,并提出了防滲建議。主要結(jié)論如下:1)分析了壩址區(qū)的水文地質(zhì)條件:壩址區(qū)的地下水類型分為潛水和承壓水,研究區(qū)的承壓水存在于右岸山脊的碳酸鹽中,潛水在整個(gè)研究區(qū)均存在;壩址區(qū)地下水與巖石相互作用時(shí)間具有一定的差異性,碳酸鹽巖中主要表現(xiàn)出方解石飽和指數(shù)小于零,地下水以溶蝕為主;火山巖中則表現(xiàn)為方解石飽和指數(shù)大于零,有發(fā)生沉淀的趨勢。壩址區(qū)水化學(xué)簡分析測試分析表明,壩址區(qū)水化學(xué)主要類型為HCO3-Ca型水。2)壩址區(qū)物探、鉆孔資料及地表調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示,壩址區(qū)內(nèi)大部分碳酸鹽巖表層被紅粘土覆蓋,僅于壩址區(qū)左岸山脊較集中出露,此處地表溶溝、溶隙、溶孔較為發(fā)育,且節(jié)理裂隙發(fā)育,形成強(qiáng)溶蝕帶,成為了地下水的主要滲流通道。壩址區(qū)附近主要受順河斷層的影響,地層中裂隙及小規(guī)模斷層較為發(fā)育,發(fā)育有溶孔、溶隙、小型溶洞及破碎溶蝕帶,可溶巖結(jié)構(gòu)面的切割組合易形成導(dǎo)水通道。3)通過鉆孔壓水實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)分析,右岸巖體透水率值基本都小于3Lu,鉆進(jìn)中局部段地層出現(xiàn)承壓性,表明巖體完整性相對較好,滲透性相對較弱,但透水性在垂向上分區(qū)不明顯;壩基及左岸巖體灰?guī)r的滲透性較好,透水率在4-5Lu;玄武巖體的透水率在2Lu左右。4)在巖溶發(fā)育分析的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合對壩址區(qū)的可能滲漏通道條件及蓄水后的水動力條件的分析,認(rèn)為壩址區(qū)主要的滲漏模式為裂隙性滲漏,其中又以壩基滲漏和左岸庫首單薄山脊?jié)B漏為主;而壩址區(qū)右岸山脊存在分水嶺,不存在向低鄰谷發(fā)生滲漏。利用水文地質(zhì)學(xué)理論計(jì)算公式初步計(jì)算各滲漏通道的滲漏量:庫區(qū)蓄水位在1845m時(shí)壩基和左岸山脊的滲漏量總計(jì)1328.52m~3/d;庫區(qū)蓄水位在1840m時(shí)壩基和左岸山脊的滲漏量總計(jì)1037.24m~3/d;庫區(qū)蓄水位在1835m時(shí)壩基和左岸山脊的滲漏量總764.87m~3/d;庫區(qū)蓄水位在1830m時(shí)壩基和左岸山脊的滲漏量總計(jì)549.23m~3/d。5)對地下水滲流場數(shù)值模擬分析,對天然蓄水條件及重點(diǎn)防滲部位的進(jìn)行了最大危險(xiǎn)蓄水位(1845m)的工況模擬后,水庫的總滲漏量分別為1406.71m~3/d和260.45m~3/d,可以看出對水庫采取必要的防滲措施是非常必要的,可以有效的減小滲漏量。在對水庫進(jìn)行全斷面防滲的情況下,切斷了庫水的橫向繞防滲帷幕的運(yùn)移及減弱了在垂向上的滲透,將進(jìn)一步減小滲漏量,分別對不同蓄水高程下進(jìn)行了滲漏量模擬:蓄水高程1845m時(shí)滲漏量為138.29m~3/d;蓄水高程1840m時(shí)滲漏量為99.83m~3/d;蓄水高程1835m時(shí)滲漏量為36.04m~3/d;蓄水高程1830m時(shí)滲漏量為25.34m~3/d。6)通過文中的研究結(jié)果可以得出:壩址區(qū)的地下水水位較高,可溶巖的巖溶較為發(fā)育,滲透性在構(gòu)造帶附近較大,加上庫區(qū)的匯水面積和來水量較小,認(rèn)為長浪壩水庫在天然條件下的成庫條件較差,成庫的可能性較小,在采取了工程防滲措施后,通過滲漏量的計(jì)算,認(rèn)為蓄水水位為1835m時(shí)有較高成庫條件和較好的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of the economic and technological progress of our country, the water conservancy project has made the water conservancy project close to more and more complex geological conditions (such as the tectonic zone and the Karst Development Zone). There are abundant water resources in the western mountainous areas of our country, at the same time, it is also a region of tectonic, karst development and water conservancy projects in the western region. The problem of karst development is often encountered. In order to develop the rich water and hydropower resources in karst areas, the first thing to solve is that many complicated engineering and hydrogeological problems caused by the development of karst in Karst, such as the dam site, the adjacent valley of the reservoir and the karst development of the reservoir area, are caused by the bad geological phenomena. For example, the existence of karst phenomenon in Karst will have great influence on the construction period and operation period of water conservancy projects, and it is also the key factor for the success or failure of the whole project. Therefore, the investigation and Research on the development of karst in the construction area and the determination of the development degree play an important role in the feasibility demonstration period of the construction of water conservancy projects. The Yangtze River is located in the upper reaches of the Li Di River in the western mountain area of Shidian county and is a tributary of the Shidian river. The main stratum in the right bank of the dam site is the upper carbonatite (S2r) carbonate clastic rock (sand shale, shale) strata in the middle of the Silurian system, which has small dissolved pores, slots, dissolving gaps and small karst caves; the main distribution of the left bank in the dam site is the main distribution. The strata are volcanic rocks of the upper Carboniferous series of lying niuusi formation (C3w). The two strata are exposed to the fault mode in the valley area. The strike of the fault is close to the proposed dam. After the reservoir is built, the karst development zone and the fault fracture zone may form a favorable reservoir leakage passage, which will produce the economic benefit and utilization rate of the project. On the basis of field geological survey and preliminary exploration data in the field, based on the geological environment conditions in the site of the dam site, the karst hydrogeological conditions of the dam site area of the Li Chang River Long Lang dam reservoir are systematically analyzed, and a simple analysis is made with the pressure water test of the borehole. The permeability of the rock mass in the study area is calculated and the permeability of the rock mass is calculated. Then the leakage condition, the possible leakage passage and the leakage mode are expounded. The seepage quantity of the possible leakage passage is estimated by the analytical solution of hydrogeology and the Visual MODFLOW software is used to carry out the groundwater in the dam site area. The seepage field of the seepage field is simulated and analyzed, and the seepage quantity of the possible leakage part is obtained, and the seepage prevention suggestion is put forward. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) the main conclusions are as follows: the hydrogeological conditions of the dam site area are analyzed: the groundwater type in the dam site is divided into dive and confined water, and the bearing water in the study area exists in the carbonate of the right bank ridge and dives in the whole area. The interaction time between the ground water and the rock in the dam site is different. In the carbonate rock, the calcite saturation index is less than zero and the groundwater is mainly dissolved. In the volcanic rock, the calcite saturation index is larger than zero, and the precipitation tendency is more than zero. The hydrochemical analysis and analysis of the dam site area It shows that the main type of Hydrochemistry in the dam site is HCO3-Ca type water.2) geophysical prospecting, borehole data and surface investigation results show that most carbonate rocks in the dam site are covered with red clay, but only in the left bank ridge of the dam site, where the surface of the surface is dissolved, dissolved and dissolved, and the joint fracture is developed and a strong dissolution zone is formed. It has become the main seepage channel of groundwater. The vicinity of the dam site is mainly affected by the Shun River fault, and the fracture and small scale faults in the stratum are more developed, and there are dissolving holes, dissolving gaps, small karst caves and broken dissolution zones, and the cutting combination of the karst structure surface is easy to form the water guide channel.3) and the right bank rock permeability is permeable through the drilling pressure water test data. The rate is basically less than 3Lu, and the strata in the middle section of the drilling are under pressure, indicating that the integrity of the rock mass is relatively good and the permeability is relatively weak, but the permeability is not obvious in the vertical zoning; the permeability of the limestone in the dam foundation and the left bank is better, the permeability is in the 4-5Lu, the permeability of the basalt rock is about 2Lu.4) on the basis of the analysis of the karst development. According to the analysis of the possible seepage channel conditions and the hydrodynamic conditions after the storage of the dam site, the main seepage mode of the dam site is fissure leakage, in which the seepage of the dam foundation and the leaking of the thin ridge of the left bank are the main seepage, and the ridge of the right Bank of the dam site has a watershed, and no seepage to the low adjacent valley is found. The theoretical calculation formula calculates the leakage of each seepage channel preliminarily: the leakage of the dam foundation and the left bank ridge is 1328.52m~3/d when the reservoir area is at 1845m; the leakage of the dam foundation and the left bank ridge is 1037.24m~3/d when the reservoir area is at 1840m; the leakage of the dam foundation and the left Bank ridge is always 764.87m~3/d; the reservoir area is stored in the reservoir area, and the reservoir area is stored in the reservoir area. When the water level is at 1830m, the leakage of the dam foundation and the left bank ridge is 549.23m~3/d.5). The numerical simulation analysis of the seepage field of the groundwater, the simulation of the maximum dangerous storage position (1845m) of the natural water storage conditions and the key impervious parts, the total leakage of the reservoir is 1406.71m~3/d and 260.45m~3/d respectively. It can be seen that the reservoir is necessary to be taken. The seepage prevention measures are very necessary and can effectively reduce the leakage. In the case of full section seepage prevention of the reservoir, the migration of the lateral seepage prevention curtain of the reservoir and the seepage in the vertical direction are cut off, and the leakage will be further reduced. The seepage quantity is simulated under different water storage elevation, when the water storage elevation is 1845m respectively. The leakage amount is 138.29m~3/d; the seepage amount is 99.83m~3/d when the water storage elevation is 1840m; the seepage amount is 36.04m~3/d when the water storage elevation 1835m is 36.04m~3/d; the leakage of the storage elevation 1830m is 25.34m~3/d.6). Through the research results in the paper, it can be concluded that the groundwater level of the dam site is high, and the karst of the karst is more developed, and the permeability is larger near the tectonic zone. In the upper reservoir area, the water catchment area and water amount are small. It is considered that the reservoir condition of the reservoir in the natural condition is poor and the possibility of the reservoir formation is small. After the seepage control measures are taken, the reservoir water level is 1835m and the reservoir condition and the better economic benefit are considered.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：成都理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TV697.32;P642.25

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