本文選題：燈泡貫流式水輪機 + 協(xié)聯(lián)關(guān)系　； 參考：《蘭州理工大學(xué)》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：小水電約占我國水電裝機及發(fā)電量的30%,其中燈泡貫流式水輪機占一定份額。在設(shè)計階段考慮到少棄水的因素,使燈泡貫流式水輪機的臨界棄水點向低水頭側(cè)移動,導(dǎo)致運行偏離最優(yōu)工況。另外其槳葉與導(dǎo)葉在運行中的均可調(diào)性,以及其低水頭、大流量的特點,常常使真機協(xié)聯(lián)不能最優(yōu),從而使得水輪機效率低、穩(wěn)定性差。一直以來,燈泡貫流水輪機協(xié)聯(lián)關(guān)系的科研是從設(shè)計角度出發(fā)、基于水輪機模型試驗的研究,而從實際運行角度出發(fā),基于真機協(xié)聯(lián)關(guān)系的研究,在理論上一直沒有得到很好的解決,而且在真機協(xié)聯(lián)關(guān)系發(fā)生變化的過程中,水輪機內(nèi)部流場的運動特性、動力特性、內(nèi)部漩渦變化機理,以及與燈泡貫流水輪機協(xié)聯(lián)關(guān)系外特性性能的內(nèi)在規(guī)律,很少有人做過深入研究,實際上這些問題時刻影響著水輪機效率及穩(wěn)定性,故研究燈泡貫流式水輪機的協(xié)聯(lián)關(guān)系及性能對于提高機組效率及穩(wěn)定性具有非常重要的意義。本文以燈泡貫流機組為研究對象,進行了7-9m水頭區(qū)間的水輪機協(xié)聯(lián)關(guān)系及其性能研究。 本文主要研究工作：首先,在原水輪機模型試驗成果的基礎(chǔ)上,進行了協(xié)聯(lián)工況的計算策略研究,得到計算真機協(xié)聯(lián)關(guān)系。然后,對協(xié)聯(lián)工況的水輪機內(nèi)部流場的運動特性、動力特性、內(nèi)部漩渦變化機理進行研究,針對流場不穩(wěn)定流動進行水輪機流固耦合計算。最后,通過真機協(xié)聯(lián)試驗,對計算與分析結(jié)論進行驗證,并在此基礎(chǔ)上對水輪機協(xié)聯(lián)工況及優(yōu)化運行進行預(yù)測及應(yīng)用。 通過研究得到求取燈泡貫流式水輪機真機協(xié)聯(lián)關(guān)系的理論研究方法,解決了設(shè)計協(xié)聯(lián)失真的缺陷；得到7-9m水頭燈泡貫流式水輪機協(xié)聯(lián)關(guān)系、出力、效率、流量等特性曲線；通過對協(xié)聯(lián)工況的動力特性研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：在定常流場下,葉片根部流動分離的程度、全流道流場速度、以及其葉片正背面壓差均隨協(xié)聯(lián)外特性參數(shù)按規(guī)律變化,非定常流場下,得到前流道、轉(zhuǎn)輪、尾水管內(nèi)流向渦渦核Hn隨協(xié)聯(lián)工況的變化規(guī)律,其規(guī)律也是外特性參數(shù)變化的內(nèi)部機理；通過協(xié)聯(lián)工況的運動特性研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：非定常流場下全流道不同部位流向渦演變周期不同,導(dǎo)致了水輪機各部位的不同振型,此為水輪機協(xié)聯(lián)工況振動的內(nèi)部變化機理；依據(jù)以上研究成果準(zhǔn)確預(yù)測了燈泡貫流水輪機7-9m水頭的全協(xié)聯(lián)工況,設(shè)計了燈泡貫流式水輪機基于協(xié)聯(lián)工況的機組優(yōu)化運行方案,試驗驗證此優(yōu)化設(shè)計正確、可行。
[Abstract]:Small hydropower accounts for about 30 percent of the installed and generated electricity in China, among which bulb tubular turbine accounts for a certain share. In the design stage, the critical water disposal point of the bulb tubular turbine is moved to the low head side, which leads to the deviation from the optimal operating condition. In addition, its blade and guide blade can be adjustable in operation, as well as the characteristics of low head and large flow rate, which often lead to the failure of the real coalitions, which makes the turbine low efficiency and poor stability. For a long time, the research on the relationship between bulb turbine and turbine is based on the model test of the turbine from the design point of view, and the research on the relationship between the real turbine and the turbine from the point of view of actual operation. In theory, it has not been solved well, and in the course of the change of the relationship between the real engine and the joint, the motion characteristics, the dynamic characteristics, the internal whirlpool change mechanism of the turbine internal flow field, As well as the inherent law of the external characteristics of the relationship between the bulb turbine and the bulb turbine, few people have done in-depth research. In fact, these problems affect the efficiency and stability of the turbine at all times. Therefore, it is very important to study the coconnection and performance of bulb tubular turbine to improve the efficiency and stability of unit. In this paper, the relationship and performance of turbine coconnection between 7 and 9 m water head are studied with bulb tubular unit as the research object. The main research work of this paper is as follows: firstly, based on the model test results of the original turbine, the calculation strategy of the coworking condition is studied, and the true cocoupling relationship is obtained. Then, the kinematic characteristics, dynamic characteristics and internal vortex variation mechanism of the turbine are studied, and the fluid-solid coupling calculation is carried out for the unstable flow field of the turbine. At last, the results of calculation and analysis are verified by the test of the real machine, and the prediction and application of the coworking condition and the optimal operation of the turbine are carried out on this basis. Through the research, the theoretical research method of calculating the true cocoupling relation of bulb tubular turbine is obtained, and the defect of design cocoupling distortion is solved, and the characteristic curves of 7-9m bulb tubular turbine, such as output force, efficiency, flow rate and so on, are obtained. It is found that the degree of flow separation at the root of the blade, the velocity of the flow field in the whole channel and the pressure difference between the blade and the back of the blade vary according to the law of the parameters of the external characteristics of the cocoupling under the steady flow field, and under the unsteady flow field, the dynamic characteristics of the cocoupling are studied. The variation law of vortex core H _ n in front runner, runner and draft tube with coworking condition is obtained, which is also the internal mechanism of the change of external characteristic parameters. It is found that the different flow direction vortex evolution cycles of different parts of the flow channel under unsteady flow field lead to different modes of vibration of each part of the turbine, which is the internal variation mechanism of the vibration of the turbine under the combined working condition. Based on the above research results, the full coconnecting condition of the 7-9m head of the bulb tubular turbine is accurately predicted, and the optimal operation scheme of the bulb tubular turbine is designed based on the co-connected working condition. The experimental results show that the optimization design is correct and feasible.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TK730

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