本文選題：城市防洪 + 除澇規(guī)劃　； 參考：《大連理工大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來,國內各大城市頻繁發(fā)生內澇,影響了人們的正常工作學習和生活,甚至造成了巨大的經濟損失,對人民生命安全也造成了威脅,防洪除澇工作對于城市可持續(xù)發(fā)展非常重要,如何合理分析不同類別城市區(qū)域易澇點特點與形成機理,充分利用資金及資源以提高除澇效果,目前成為了城市防洪除澇工作的重心。 在地形比較復雜的城市,不同易澇點形成的過程及關鍵影響因素往往不同,應有針對性地對各種典型易澇點作除澇效果對比分析研究；以往研究中由于資料所限,或使用經驗推理公式,或對管網數(shù)據進行概化,利用有精細資料的管網、地形、下墊面數(shù)據進行模擬的研究較少,而這些資料是提高水力學模型模擬精度的關鍵,也是除澇方案比較的基礎。因此,本文結合《大連市城市防洪排澇規(guī)劃》項目,選取大連市內具有代表性的平原、入�？�、丘陵三種典型區(qū)域,從以下兩個方面進行了深入研究： (1)通過采用DHI公司研發(fā)的MIKE系列軟件,利用較高精度資料對研究區(qū)域管網進行建模并驗證模型可靠性。采用MIKE URBAN模型對研究區(qū)域管網在設計暴雨重現(xiàn)期下的排水現(xiàn)狀能力進行模擬分析,根據模擬結果,找到各易澇點的瓶頸管道。結合不同類型易澇點的特點選用不同除澇方案進行分析。根據每種方案的單價,結合各易澇點除澇方案改造的不同工程量,設立四種不同的改造成本情景分別為150萬元、300萬元、450萬元、600萬元,分別在不同改造成本下對每種除澇方案進行進一步分析,并確定出典型易澇點較優(yōu)除澇方案,為以后的城市除澇工作,尤其是大中城市防洪除澇方案制訂提供參考。通過計算與對比,得出平原區(qū)域增大管徑的方案除澇效果較好,入�？诘貐^(qū)適合采用泵站方案,丘陵地區(qū)設置蓄水池可有效的集蓄雨水資源,同時削減洪峰,減輕甚至消除內澇。 (2)氣候變化及人類活動影響近年來不斷增強,城市除澇方案的規(guī)劃一定程度上也受到未來變化不確定性的影響。降雨強度、地形及下墊面情況、排水管網狀況是城市防洪的關鍵影響因素,城市防洪除澇需根據現(xiàn)狀評估結果,考慮城市發(fā)展需求并結合上述關鍵影響因素對管網及除澇設施進行規(guī)劃。近年來變化因素逐漸增強,如近期氣候變化導致降雨,尤其是降雨強度發(fā)生了改變[1-3]；城市化過快增長導致城市不透水面積急劇增大；某些管道建設時代較長,未來管道的排水能力易受各種因素影響從而可能有較大程度降低等,這些因素變化的不確定性均會對城市內澇產生一定的影響。因此,研究分別對可能變化因素定性選擇不同的情景值,然后進行除澇方案變化條件下的適用性分析。建立情景如下：①根據大連市歷史降雨統(tǒng)計情況,在50年一遇的除澇標準前提下,設定不同情景降雨強度分別增加10%、20%、30%；②論文研究的典型區(qū)域位于大連市中心城區(qū),為商業(yè)發(fā)達地區(qū),地面硬化程度較高,考慮城市化的不利影響,考慮徑流系數(shù)分別增長至0.75、0.8、0.85情景下城市化進程對城市內澇的影響；③根據《城鎮(zhèn)排水管道檢測與評估技術規(guī)程(CJJ181-2012)》對管道沉淀等級的劃分結果,結合大連市地面污染物實際情況,選取沉淀物厚度與管徑的比例為10%、20%、30%三個指標。在此基(?)礎上,對易澇點進行內澇模擬研究,結合第三章所得結論,在各個易澇點采用較優(yōu)除澇方案進行改造的基礎上,研究其在不同情景條件下適用性情況。以50年一遇內澇標準為基礎,分析研究區(qū)域典型易澇點對降雨強度、城市化進程、管網沉淀的變化的敏感性,為以后的除澇工作提供參考依據。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the frequent occurrence of waterlogging in major cities in China has affected people's normal work and life, even caused huge economic losses and threatened the life safety of the people. The work of flood control and waterlogging is very important for the sustainable development of the city. How to analyze the characteristics and forming machine of the waterlogging points in different types of cities Rationale, making full use of funds and resources to improve the effect of waterlogging, has become the focus of urban flood control and waterlogging.
In the city with complex terrain, the process and key influencing factors of different waterlogging points are often different. It should be aimed at the comparative analysis and analysis of the effect of various typical waterlogging points. In the past, the data are limited, or the empirical reasoning formula is used, or the data of the pipe network is generalized, and the pipe network with fine data is used. There are few studies on the terrain and the simulation of the underlying surface data, and these data are the key to improve the simulation accuracy of the hydraulics model and the basis of the comparison of the waterlogging schemes. Therefore, this paper combines the project of the urban flood control and drainage planning of Dalian City, and selects three typical areas in Dalian, which are representative of the city, the mouth of the sea, and the hilly areas, from the following two An in-depth study was carried out.
(1) by using the MIKE series software developed by DHI company, using the high precision data to model the research area network and verify the reliability of the model, the MIKE URBAN model is used to simulate the drainage current capacity of the research area network under the design of the rainstorm recurrence period, and the bottleneck pipe of each waterlogging point is found according to the simulation results. In accordance with the characteristics of different types of waterlogging points, the different waterlogging schemes are selected to be analyzed. According to the unit price of each scheme and the different engineering quantities of different waterlogging points, four different reconstruction cost scenarios are set up for 1 million 500 thousand yuan, 3 million yuan, 4 million 500 thousand yuan, and 6 million yuan respectively. Further analysis, and determine the typical waterlogging point better waterlogging scheme, for future urban waterlogging work, especially in the large and middle city flood control and waterlogging scheme to provide reference. Through the calculation and comparison, it is concluded that the plan to increase the pipe diameter of the plain area is better, the port area is suitable for the use of pumping station scheme, and the hilly area set up the reservoir. It can effectively collect rainwater resources and reduce flood peak, reduce or even eliminate waterlogging.
(2) the impact of climate change and human activities has been increasing in recent years. The planning of urban waterlogging scheme has also been affected by uncertainty of future change to some extent. Rainfall intensity, terrain and underlying surface condition, drainage pipe network condition is the key factor of urban flood control. Urban flood control and waterlogging should be based on the status assessment results and consider urban development. In recent years, the changing factors have gradually increased, such as the recent climate change caused by the rainfall, especially the rainfall intensity changed [1-3]; the rapid urbanization resulted in the rapid increase in the urban water permeable area; some pipeline construction times, the future pipeline The drainage capacity is easily affected by various factors and may be greatly reduced. The uncertainty of these factors will all have a certain influence on the urban waterlogging. Therefore, the study of the possible variation factors is qualitatively selected for different situation values, and then the applicability analysis under the condition of the change of the waterlogging scheme is carried out. The following situation is set up as follows : (1) according to the historical rainfall statistics of Dalian, the rainfall intensity of different scenarios is set up by 10%, 20%, 30%, under the premise of the 50 year's first encounter of waterlogging, and the typical area of the paper is located in the downtown of Dalian, which is a commercial developed area with a high degree of ground hardening, considering the adverse effects of urbanization and considering the runoff coefficient. Do not increase to the effect of urbanization process on urban waterlogging under the situation of 0.75,0.8,0.85; thirdly, according to the results of the classification of the precipitation grade of the urban drainage pipeline (CJJ181-2012), combined with the actual situation of the ground pollutants in Dalian, the proportion of the sediment thickness to the pipe diameter is 10%, 20%, and 30% indexes. On the basis of this, the waterlogging simulation of waterlogging points is studied. On the basis of the third chapters, the applicability of the waterlogging points under the different scenarios is studied on the basis of the different scenarios. Based on the standard of 50 years of waterlogging, the paper analyzes the rainfall intensity, the urbanization process of the typical waterlogging points in the study area, and the process of urbanization. The sensitivity of net precipitation changes will provide reference for future waterlogging.
【學位授予單位】：大連理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU992;TV213.9

【參考文獻】

相關期刊論文 前10條

1 魯航線;張開軍;陳微靜;;城市防洪、排澇及排水三種設計標準的關系初探[J];城市道橋與防洪;2007年11期

2 蔡劍波;林寧;杜小松;馮云剛;;低洼綠地對降低城市徑流深度、徑流系數(shù)的效果分析[J];城市道橋與防洪;2011年06期

3 王玉成;耿延博;王婷;郭純一;;城市化對水文要素影響分析[J];東北水利水電;2008年06期

4 任學慧;林霞;張海靜;張文忠;;大連城市居住適宜性的空間評價[J];地理研究;2008年03期

5 張維;歐陽里程;;廣州城市內澇成因及防治對策[J];廣東氣象;2011年03期

6 鄭興,周孝德,計冰昕;德國的雨水管理及其技術措施[J];中國給水排水;2005年02期

7 程江;徐啟新;楊凱;劉蘭嵐;范群杰;;國外城市雨水資源利用管理體系的比較及啟示[J];中國給水排水;2007年12期

8 晉存田;趙樹旗;閆肖麗;周玉文;;透水磚和下凹式綠地對城市雨洪的影響[J];中國給水排水;2010年01期

9 李彥偉;尤學一;季民;王秀朵;趙樂軍;潘留明;;基于SWMM模型的雨水管網優(yōu)化[J];中國給水排水;2010年23期

10 邢薇;趙冬泉;陳吉寧;王浩正;;基于低影響開發(fā)(LID)的可持續(xù)城市雨水系統(tǒng)[J];中國給水排水;2011年20期

相關博士學位論文 前1條

1 廖四輝;洪水資源利用與生態(tài)用水調度研究[D];清華大學;2011年

，

本文編號：2031553