本文選題：抽水蓄能電站 + 棄渣場(chǎng)��； 參考：《西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：抽水蓄能電站利用電力負(fù)荷低谷時(shí)的電能抽水至上水庫，在電力負(fù)荷高峰期再放水至下水庫發(fā)電的水電站。抽水蓄能電站一般由上水庫、下水庫、引水發(fā)電系統(tǒng)、附屬工程等組成，選址時(shí)利用相近的天然河道或湖泊，且地形具備成庫條件，由人工圍建形成水庫，或利用已有水庫進(jìn)行改造作為抽水蓄能電站水庫。因抽水蓄能電站為浩大的土木工程，在建設(shè)中將進(jìn)行大量的土石方開挖、料場(chǎng)開采，不可避免的產(chǎn)生廢棄的渣土，若這些棄渣得不到合理的堆放和防護(hù)，不僅增加工程成本，而且可能會(huì)引發(fā)水土流失，對(duì)工程安全運(yùn)行和環(huán)境造成影響。因此，抽水蓄能電站渣場(chǎng)的選址布置和防護(hù)是工程規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)和建設(shè)中十分重要的內(nèi)容。 本論文以廣東梅州抽水蓄能電站一期工程為研究對(duì)象，通過分析抽水蓄能電站的運(yùn)行特點(diǎn)、電站建設(shè)過程棄渣的來源和組成，根據(jù)電站所在地的地形地貌、地質(zhì)條件、氣象、水文、土壤、植被、水土流失現(xiàn)狀等自然環(huán)境概況，對(duì)廣東梅州抽水蓄能電站棄渣的來源和數(shù)量進(jìn)行深入分析，并對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)刈匀画h(huán)境條件下棄渣可能造成的水土流失形式及危害進(jìn)行了分析研究，依據(jù)國(guó)內(nèi)水土流失防治的相關(guān)法律法規(guī)、規(guī)程規(guī)范的強(qiáng)制要求，對(duì)電站棄渣場(chǎng)的布置進(jìn)行了規(guī)劃和研究，并提出抽水蓄能電站棄渣場(chǎng)的防護(hù)措施體系。主要研究結(jié)論包括： (1)抽水蓄能電站建設(shè)涉及樞紐工程壩基及壩肩、料場(chǎng)、道路路基、施工場(chǎng)地等開挖，開挖土石方根據(jù)其特性將部分用于回填，但無用料將被廢棄，形成棄渣，最大限度地利用開挖料用于電站建設(shè)的回填，可減少棄渣，就近堆放棄渣，可減少水土流失，因此，合理分析棄渣的來源和數(shù)量是抽水蓄能渣場(chǎng)布置的首要條件。 (2)對(duì)于無法利用的土石方，必須選擇合理的堆放場(chǎng)集中堆棄，而渣場(chǎng)的選擇和布置不僅要滿足法律規(guī)范的要求，還應(yīng)結(jié)合電站自身的布置特點(diǎn)，提高土地利用率，便于運(yùn)輸和防護(hù)施工，且不會(huì)發(fā)生水土流失危害。 (3)在不同的自然環(huán)境條件下，不同的棄渣堆放形式將引發(fā)不同的水土流失，只有對(duì)特定條件下棄渣堆放場(chǎng)水土流失形式及危害研究清楚，才能有的放矢的提出針對(duì)性的防護(hù)措施。 (4)棄渣場(chǎng)的防護(hù)是抽水蓄能電站水土流失防護(hù)的重點(diǎn)，不同的渣場(chǎng)布置和施工階段應(yīng)布設(shè)不同的防護(hù)措施，并且在保證渣場(chǎng)穩(wěn)定的前提下，，提高水土資源的綜合利用率。
[Abstract]:Pumped-storage power station uses the electric energy pumped up reservoir when the electric load is low, and releases water to the hydropower station at the peak of the power load to the lower reservoir to generate electricity. Pumped-storage power stations are generally composed of upper reservoir, lower reservoir, diversion power system, ancillary projects, etc. When selecting the site, they use similar natural rivers or lakes, and the topography has the conditions for reservoir formation, and a reservoir is formed by artificial construction. Or use the existing reservoir for reconstruction as a pumped storage power station reservoir. Because the pumped storage power station is a huge civil engineering project, a large amount of earth and rock excavation will be carried out in the construction, and the waste residue will inevitably be produced by mining the material yard. If the waste residue is not properly stacked and protected, it will not only increase the cost of the project. And it may cause soil erosion, which will affect the safe operation and environment of the project. Therefore, the location arrangement and protection of the slag field of pumped storage power station is very important in the engineering planning, design and construction. This paper takes the first stage project of Meizhou pumped Storage Power Station in Guangdong Province as the research object. By analyzing the operation characteristics of the pumped storage power station, the source and composition of the waste residue in the construction process of the power station, according to the topography and geomorphology, geological conditions and meteorology of the site of the power station, The natural environment, such as hydrology, soil, vegetation, soil erosion and so on, is analyzed in depth on the source and quantity of the waste residue of Meizhou pumped Storage Power Station in Guangdong Province. The forms and harm of soil and water loss caused by waste residue in local natural environment are analyzed and studied. According to the relevant laws and regulations of soil and water loss prevention and control in China, the compulsory requirements of rules and regulations are given. The layout of the waste slag field of the power station is planned and studied, and the protective measures system of the waste slag field of the pumped storage power station is put forward. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the construction of pumped storage power station involves excavation of dam foundation and abutment, material yard, road subgrade, construction site, etc. The excavation of earth and rock will be used partly for backfill according to its characteristics. However, the waste material will be abandoned, forming the waste slag, and the excavating material will be used in the backfill of the power station construction to the maximum extent, which can reduce the waste slag, give up the slag in the nearest reactor, and reduce the soil erosion, so, Reasonable analysis of the source and quantity of the waste slag is the most important condition for the layout of the pumped storage slag field. The selection and layout of the slag yard should not only meet the requirements of the legal norms, but also combine the layout characteristics of the power station itself, improve the utilization ratio of the land, facilitate transportation and protection construction, And no soil and water loss harm will occur. 3) under different natural environment conditions, different disposal forms of waste slag will lead to different soil and water loss. Only the study of soil and water loss forms and hazards in the dump yard under specific conditions is clear. In order to put forward targeted protection measures, the protection of waste slag yard is the key point of soil and water loss protection of pumped storage power station. Different protection measures should be set up in different slagging field arrangement and construction stage. On the premise of ensuring the stability of slag field, the comprehensive utilization ratio of soil and water resources is improved.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TV743;S157

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