本文選題：糧食作物 + 虛擬水　； 參考：《東北師范大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：中國是一個農(nóng)業(yè)大國，，農(nóng)業(yè)是國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的基礎(chǔ)，水是農(nóng)業(yè)的命脈。因此，水安全與糧食安全息息相關(guān)，而日益短缺的水資源已經(jīng)嚴(yán)重影響了糧食安全。虛擬水理論打破了人們的傳統(tǒng)觀念，并為研究和解決水資源和糧食安全問題提供了新思路。 本文通過對東北三省36個地級市單位質(zhì)量糧食作物初級產(chǎn)品虛擬水含量、虛擬水總量和各地級市居民糧食消費(fèi)的虛擬水量的計算，分析東北三省居民糧食消費(fèi)的虛擬水的動態(tài)變化。同時根據(jù)各地級市糧食產(chǎn)量和居民糧食消費(fèi)的虛擬水量，計算其糧食消費(fèi)的水資源自給率，并分析基于糧食需求的東北三省水資源自給率的時序變化特征和空間分布規(guī)律，可以為東北三省糧食作物種植結(jié)構(gòu)的調(diào)整及農(nóng)業(yè)水資源優(yōu)化配置提供理論借鑒和參考依據(jù)。 本文主要的研究內(nèi)容和結(jié)論如下： 第一，東北三省四種單位質(zhì)量糧食作物初級產(chǎn)品的虛擬水含量差異較明顯。單位質(zhì)量大豆和小麥作物初級產(chǎn)品的虛擬水含量一直處于首位，單位質(zhì)量水稻的虛擬水含量緊隨其后，單位質(zhì)量玉米的虛擬水含量最低。 第二，1998-2012年東北三省糧食的播種面積不斷增加，其虛擬水總量也呈波動上升趨勢。糧食虛擬水總量中，玉米所占比重最大，水稻次之，然后是大豆，小麥最少。東北三省中部和偏北地區(qū)的糧食作物虛擬水量較大，位于中部的吉林省是生產(chǎn)玉米的黃金地帶，北部的黑龍江省則盛產(chǎn)大豆和水稻，小麥整體產(chǎn)量偏低。 第三，東北三省的糧食消費(fèi)虛擬水總量整體呈下降趨勢，波動幅度較大。糧食消費(fèi)的虛擬水量中水稻和小麥占絕對優(yōu)勢，而玉米比重較小，大豆比重更小。其中，水稻所占比重不斷增加，逐漸占據(jù)了主導(dǎo)地位。小麥所占比重不斷減少，逐漸退居第二的位置。各種糧食消費(fèi)的虛擬水量較大的地級市主要集中在東北三省的中部和偏北地區(qū)。 第四，15年來，東北三省的四種糧食作物中，玉米和大豆兩種作物的虛擬水量完全可以自給自足，大部分地區(qū)水稻作物的虛擬水量能夠滿足自身的需要，并且可以自給自足的地級市越來越多，而大部分地級市的小麥水資源自給率正逐漸降低，尤其是東北三省的南部地區(qū)。
[Abstract]:China is a large agricultural country, agriculture is the basis of the national economy, water is the lifeblood of agriculture. Therefore, water security and food security are closely related, and the growing shortage of water resources has seriously affected food security. Virtual water theory breaks the traditional concept of people and provides a new way to study and solve the problem of water resources and food security. In this paper, the virtual water content, the total amount of virtual water and the amount of virtual water consumed by residents in 36 prefectural cities of Northeast China are calculated. This paper analyzes the dynamic changes of the virtual water consumption of the residents in the three provinces of Northeast China. At the same time, according to the grain output of each prefectural city and the fictitious water quantity of resident grain consumption, the water resources self-sufficiency rate of grain consumption is calculated, and the time series change characteristic and spatial distribution law of water resources self-sufficiency rate based on grain demand are analyzed. It can provide theoretical reference and reference for adjusting the planting structure of grain crops and optimizing the allocation of agricultural water resources in the three provinces of Northeast China. The main contents and conclusions of this paper are as follows: first, the virtual water content of four kinds of grain crops per unit mass in three provinces of Northeast China is different obviously. The virtual water content of the primary products of soybean and wheat crops was always in the first place, followed by the virtual water content of rice per unit mass and the lowest of corn per unit mass. From 1998 to 2012, the sown area of grain in the three provinces of Northeast China increased continuously, and the total fictitious water content also fluctuated and increased. Corn accounted for the largest proportion, followed by rice, soybean and wheat. The virtual water content of grain crops in the central and northward regions of Northeast China is large. Jilin Province in the central part is the golden zone for maize production, while Heilongjiang Province in the north is rich in soybeans and rice, and the overall yield of wheat is on the low side. Third, the total amount of virtual water for grain consumption in the three provinces of Northeast China shows a downward trend and fluctuates greatly. In the virtual water consumption of grain, rice and wheat accounted for the absolute dominance, while the proportion of corn was smaller, and the proportion of soybean was even smaller. Among them, the proportion of rice increasing, gradually occupied the leading position. Wheat accounts for a declining proportion, gradually retreating into the second place. The prefecture-level cities with large fictitious water consumption of all kinds of grain are mainly concentrated in the central and northward regions of the three northeastern provinces. Fourth, in the past 15 years, among the four grain crops in the three provinces of Northeast China, two crops, corn and soybean, have been completely self-sufficient in virtual water, and the virtual water supply of rice crops in most regions can meet their own needs. And more prefecture-level cities are self-sufficient, and the self-sufficiency rate of wheat water resources in most prefectural cities is gradually decreasing, especially in the south of the three northeastern provinces.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TV213.4

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