本文選題：河道 + 生態(tài)治理�。� 參考：《西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：在環(huán)境日益變化的今天,河流面臨著前所未有的破壞和污染,河道生態(tài)治理是五水共治的根本,因地制宜、因河而異的河道生態(tài)治理是十分迫切和必要的。通過(guò)資料查閱、模型分析、實(shí)例應(yīng)用,得出主要結(jié)論如下： (1)河道生態(tài)治理的主要模式 山溪性河道應(yīng)注意改變傳統(tǒng)的河道直線(xiàn)化設(shè)計(jì),采用復(fù)式斷面、生物固堤、植物護(hù)坡,恢復(fù)河流淺灘與深潭交替的多樣性河流生態(tài)環(huán)境；平原河網(wǎng)地區(qū)應(yīng)該最大限度地保留河道的自然岸坡,沿岸以植樹(shù)和種草為主,擋土墻與河岸景觀(guān)相結(jié)合,保護(hù)濕地,營(yíng)造水生動(dòng)植物生存繁衍環(huán)境；城鎮(zhèn)村集居地河道生態(tài)治理主要是疏挖河道、加高培厚堤防,修筑水工建筑物,注重河道生態(tài)環(huán)境的保護(hù)。 (2)河道生態(tài)治理的主要技術(shù) 河道的平面(形態(tài))設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)該遵從自然和現(xiàn)狀條件,盡量保持原始河道自然彎曲；河道的斷面(多樣化)設(shè)計(jì)要保護(hù)和修復(fù)河流的自然斷面形態(tài),改變單一的斷面結(jié)構(gòu),斷面形式主要包括矩形斷面、梯形斷面、復(fù)式斷面和雙層斷面等；生態(tài)型護(hù)坡和護(hù)岸技術(shù),包括材料護(hù)坡、工程措施護(hù)坡以及生態(tài)新型護(hù)坡等；生物生態(tài)治理包括生物膜、生物柵、生物浮床、生物浮島以及土壤生物工程等；城市河流岸邊植被恢復(fù)遵循自然性、功能性、鄉(xiāng)土樹(shù)種和外來(lái)樹(shù)種結(jié)合的原則進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)；濱水景觀(guān)設(shè)施包括水上舞臺(tái)、燈光噴泉、親水臺(tái)階等,獨(dú)具地方特色地賦予景觀(guān)更多的內(nèi)涵。 (3)案例分析及結(jié)論 結(jié)合杭州市余杭區(qū)中塘河河道治理具體案例,分析河道現(xiàn)狀,闡述治理思路、具體措施和相關(guān)設(shè)計(jì),進(jìn)行綜合整治,改善河流景觀(guān)及環(huán)境質(zhì)量,提高河流功能性和環(huán)境承載力,構(gòu)建生態(tài)型河道,綜合相關(guān)技術(shù)知識(shí)對(duì)其進(jìn)行研究,提高周邊社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平,以期為以后的河道綜合治理提供參考,為五水共治提供理論基礎(chǔ)和實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn),為浙江省甚至我國(guó)各城市河道治理提供有效的技術(shù)指導(dǎo)與借鑒。
[Abstract]:Today , the river is faced with unprecedented destruction and pollution , the river ecological management is the fundamental of the five - water co - treatment , and it is very urgent and necessary for the river channel ecological management due to the river . The main conclusions are as follows :

( 1 ) Main modes of river ecological governance

The river course of Shanxi River should be careful to change the traditional linear design of the river course , and adopt the complex section , the bio - solid embankment and the plant slope protection to restore the diversity river ecological environment of the river shoal and the deep pool .
The natural bank slope of the river should be kept to the maximum extent in the plain river network area , with planting trees and grass as the main , the retaining wall and the river bank landscape are combined to protect the wetland , so as to create the aquatic animal and plant survival breeding environment ;
The ecological management of the river channel in the village of the town is mainly the dredging river course , the Gao Pei - hou embankment , the construction of the hydraulic structure , and the protection of the ecological environment of the river course .

( 2 ) Main technology of river ecological governance

The plane ( form ) design of the river course shall comply with the natural and current conditions , and keep the original river course naturally curved ;
The section of the river channel ( diversification ) is designed to protect and repair the natural cross section of the river and change the single section structure . The section form mainly includes rectangular section , trapezoid section , compound section and double - layer section .
Ecological slope protection and revetment technology , including material slope protection , engineering measures slope protection and ecological slope protection ;
The biological ecological treatment includes biofilm , biological grid , biological floating bed , biological floating island and soil biological engineering .
The restoration of vegetation in coastal areas of urban rivers follows the principles of natural , functional , native tree species and exotic tree species .
The waterfront landscape facilities include the water stage , the light fountain , the hydrophilic step and so on , have unique local characteristics to give the landscape more connotation .

( 3 ) Case analysis and conclusion

Combined with the specific case of river course management of Tanghe River in Yuhang District of Hangzhou City , the present situation of river channel is analyzed , the thoughts , concrete measures and relevant design of the river are expounded , comprehensive treatment is carried out , the river landscape and the environmental quality are improved , the functional and environmental carrying capacity of the river is improved , the ecological river channel is constructed , the comprehensive related technical knowledge is researched , the surrounding social economic development level is improved , the theoretical basis and practical experience are provided for the five - water common treatment , so as to provide effective technical guidance and reference for the management of the river courses in the Zhejiang Province and even in China .
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X171.4;TV85

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

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本文編號(hào)：2019213