本文選題：建國以來 + 山西　； 參考：《山西大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：山西古時水資源較為豐富,但隨著環(huán)境的變化,水資源開始日漸短缺,甚至變?yōu)橐粋�十年九旱的貧瘠之地。目前,山西省分屬2個流域9個水系,水資源總量58477億立方米,其中自產(chǎn)水資源量28621億立方米,人均1152億立方米,居全國第23位。全省平均年降雨量為3018毫米,低于全國大多數(shù)省份,且時空分布不均,年蒸發(fā)量是降雨量的十幾倍到幾十倍。全省水土流失面積389萬平方公里,占全省總面積的85.7%,水土流失嚴重。旱災(zāi)是山西省的第一大自然災(zāi)害,也是制約農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的主要原因。由于水資源短缺,全省工業(yè)發(fā)展也受到了嚴重制約,從可持續(xù)發(fā)展的戰(zhàn)略高度看,干旱缺水始終是制約山西省經(jīng)濟和社會發(fā)展的主要因素,因此,水利建設(shè)在山西經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展中具有舉足輕重的作用。建國以來,山西省水利建設(shè)水平始終受到政策環(huán)境、經(jīng)濟環(huán)境與自然條件環(huán)境的影響和制約,六十年來山西水利建設(shè)先后經(jīng)歷了恢復與改造、躍進與調(diào)整、停滯與倒退、改革與發(fā)展等幾個時期,并取得了空前的發(fā)展。全省大型水利設(shè)施從無到有,到目前共建成大中型水庫七百余座,總庫容近五十億立方米；建成大中型灌溉區(qū)200處,全省有效灌溉面積1800萬畝；先后啟動了飲水解困和飲水安全工程,一千多萬群眾告別了吃水難的問題；治理水土流失面積五萬平方公里,建成了四千多公里的河道堤防。山西省水利建設(shè)投資的逐步發(fā)展促進了全省的經(jīng)濟增長和社會穩(wěn)定,水利建設(shè)事業(yè)為提高人民生活水平,改善人民居住環(huán)境等方面做出了巨大貢獻。水利以其所具備的巨大的外部效應(yīng)和非經(jīng)濟效應(yīng)促進著宏觀經(jīng)濟協(xié)調(diào)、健康的發(fā)展。水利投資能夠通過資源的調(diào)配和投資的流入推動區(qū)域經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展,同時,水利對城市化、工業(yè)化和農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展起著相當重要的作用。改革開放以來,山西水利改革發(fā)展取得了較為顯著的成就,但與經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展的要求相比,水利投入強度明顯不夠,建設(shè)進度明顯滯后,保障水平也明顯偏低。進入“十二五”時期,經(jīng)濟社會的快速發(fā)展對山西水利建設(shè)提出了更高的要求,只有不斷總結(jié)山西省自建國以來的水利建設(shè)投資的成績與經(jīng)驗,提高治水、用水的思想認識水平,制定積極的政策法規(guī),鼓勵水利建設(shè)投資,引進和運用先進技術(shù)發(fā)展水利事業(yè),才能不斷為山西經(jīng)濟社會的發(fā)展所服務(wù)。
[Abstract]:In ancient times, Shanxi was rich in water resources, but with the change of environment, water resources began to be scarce day by day, and even became a barren land with nine years of drought. At present, Shanxi Province is divided into two watersheds and nine water systems, with a total water resources of 5.8477 trillion cubic meters, of which 2.8621 trillion cubic meters of water resources are produced by itself and 115.2 billion cubic meters per capita, ranking 23rd in the country. The average annual rainfall of the province is 3018 mm, which is lower than that of most provinces in China, and the distribution of time and space is uneven, and the annual evaporation is 10 to dozens times of the rainfall. The soil and water loss area of the province is 3.89 million square kilometers, accounting for 85.7 percent of the province's total area. Drought is the first natural disaster in Shanxi Province, and it is also the main reason for restricting the development of agriculture. As a result of the shortage of water resources, the industrial development of the province has also been severely restricted. From the strategic perspective of sustainable development, drought and water shortage have always been the main factors restricting the economic and social development of Shanxi Province. Water conservancy construction plays an important role in Shanxi's economic and social development. Since the founding of the people's Republic of China, the level of water conservancy construction in Shanxi Province has always been affected and restricted by the policy environment, economic environment and natural condition environment. In the past 60 years, Shanxi water conservancy construction has experienced recovery and transformation, leap forward and adjustment, stagnation and retrogression. Reform and development and other periods, and achieved unprecedented development. At present, more than 700 large and medium-sized reservoirs have been built, with a total capacity of nearly 5 billion cubic meters, and 200 large and medium-sized irrigation areas with an effective irrigation area of 18 million mu across the province. A drinking water relief project and a drinking water safety project were launched one after another, and more than 10 million people said goodbye to the problem of difficult draught; the area of soil and water loss is 50,000 square kilometers, and more than 4,000 kilometers of river embankments have been built. The gradual development of water conservancy construction investment in Shanxi Province has promoted the economic growth and social stability of the province. Water conservancy construction has made great contributions to the improvement of the people's living standards and the living environment of the people. Water conservancy promotes macroeconomic coordination and healthy development with its huge external and non-economic effects. Water conservancy investment can promote the development of regional economy through the allocation of resources and the inflow of investment. At the same time, water conservancy plays a very important role in urbanization, industrialization and agricultural development. Since the reform and opening up, Shanxi water conservancy reform and development has made remarkable achievements, but compared with the requirements of economic and social development, water conservancy investment intensity is obviously insufficient, the construction progress is obviously lagging behind, and the level of guarantee is obviously low. In the period of the 12th Five-Year Plan, the rapid development of economy and society has put forward higher requirements for Shanxi water conservancy construction. Only by continuously summarizing the achievements and experiences of Shanxi Province's water conservancy construction investment since the founding of the people's Republic of China, Only by making positive policies and regulations, encouraging investment in water conservancy construction, introducing and applying advanced technology to develop water conservancy cause can we serve the economic and social development of Shanxi.
【學位授予單位】：山西大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F426.91

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