本文選題：水利工程 + 反拱底板　； 參考：《天津大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：針對“高水頭、窄河谷、大泄量”的泄洪消能特點,反拱形襯砌式水墊塘利用天然河床基巖形狀,將引起水墊塘破壞的水力荷載(主要是上舉力與揚壓力)傳遞到兩岸山體或拱座,充分發(fā)揮出拱結(jié)構(gòu)的超載能力和材料的抗壓特性,提高了防護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)的安全性。實踐表明,反拱形水墊塘是解決高拱壩泄洪消能問題的有效措施。近年來,國內(nèi)外許多學(xué)者基于理論分析與模型試驗,對反拱水墊塘內(nèi)水動力荷載、襯砌結(jié)構(gòu)的穩(wěn)定性開展了大量的研究,但是關(guān)于反拱水墊塘防護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化與安全性研究卻涉及不多。本文以涇河?xùn)|莊水利樞紐壩后水墊塘為研究背景,從工程實際出發(fā),對初擬反拱水墊塘防護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)方案進(jìn)行多因素的靜力非線性優(yōu)化分析,并將力學(xué)模型與數(shù)值模型相結(jié)合,對反拱水墊塘防護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行安全性與穩(wěn)定性研究,主要成果如下:(1)對反拱防護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)數(shù)值分析中的模擬方法進(jìn)行改進(jìn),主要包括材料非線性損傷本構(gòu)、計入抗剪效應(yīng)的錨桿單元選取和考慮分縫的流固耦合處理手段等,以使數(shù)值模擬研究更為接近實際。(2)在設(shè)計揚壓力條件下,以穩(wěn)定性與整體性為主要權(quán)衡指標(biāo),對反拱水墊塘底板防護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化研究,確定了反拱半徑32m、板塊厚度3m、非均勻柔性錨固(邊緣板塊自由段2.5m,中間板塊自由段3m)的方案,達(dá)到錨固鋼筋與拱座聯(lián)合承載的目的,承載力較剛性均勻錨固提高30%;粘結(jié)滑移效應(yīng)對常規(guī)2m~5m自由段錨固方式的穩(wěn)定性影響小到可以不計,同樣對邊坡防護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化研究。(3)以有初始間隙的接觸單元來模擬拱端裂縫,對反拱底板成拱條件和鍵槽的成拱作用進(jìn)行深入研究;計入預(yù)應(yīng)力錨固和不同滲壓水平等因素,基于剛體極限平衡法進(jìn)行拱座抗滑穩(wěn)定分析,本工程反拱底板承受240kPa揚壓力穩(wěn)定安全有保證;以不耦合的開裂損傷評價方法,研究了不同區(qū)域錨固失效時反拱底板的破壞模式。(4)本著“靜力設(shè)計、動力調(diào)整”的原則,對模型實測動水荷載進(jìn)行處理,結(jié)合最大上舉力預(yù)測公式,得到反拱水墊塘底板和邊坡襯砌塊的上舉力時程,研究優(yōu)化調(diào)整后的反拱水墊塘防護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)在泄流工況下位移、應(yīng)力等動力響應(yīng),并作出安全評價。
[Abstract]:In view of the characteristics of flood discharge and energy dissipation of "high water head, narrow valley, large discharge", the anti-arch lining type water cushion pond uses the natural river bed bedrock shape. The hydraulic load (mainly uplift force and uplift pressure) which caused the damage of water cushion pond is transferred to the mountain body or arch seat on both sides of the bank. The overloading ability of arch structure and the pressure resistance of material are fully brought into play, and the safety of protective structure is improved. The practice shows that the reverse arch water cushion pond is an effective measure to solve the problem of flood discharge and energy dissipation of high arch dam. In recent years, based on theoretical analysis and model tests, many scholars at home and abroad have carried out a great deal of research on hydrodynamic loads and the stability of lining structures in inverted arch ponds. However, there are few researches on the optimization and safety of the protection structure of the reverse arch cushion pond. Taking the backwater cushion pond of Dongzhuang water conservancy project of Jinghe River as the research background, starting from the engineering practice, this paper makes a multi-factor static nonlinear optimization analysis on the preliminary design of the protection scheme of the inverted arch water cushion pond, and combines the mechanical model with the numerical model. In this paper, the safety and stability of the protection structure of the reverse arch cushion pond are studied. The main results are as follows: 1) the simulation method for the numerical analysis of the inverse arch protection structure is improved, which mainly includes the material nonlinear damage constitutive equation. In order to make the numerical simulation more close to the actual conditions, the anchor element with shear effect is selected and the fluid-structure coupling treatment means considering the joint are taken into account so that the stability and integrity are taken as the main tradeoff index under the condition of design uplift pressure. The optimum research on the protection structure of the bottom slab of the reverse arch cushion pond is carried out, and the scheme of inverse arch radius 32 m, plate thickness 3 m and non-uniform flexible anchoring (edge plate free segment 2.5 m, middle plate free section 3 m) is determined to achieve the purpose of joint anchoring of steel bar and arch seat. The bearing capacity is 30% higher than that of rigid uniform anchoring, and the effect of bond-slip effect on the stability of anchoring mode of conventional 2m~5m free section is too small to be taken into account. At the same time, the optimization study of slope protection structure is carried out. (3) the contact element with initial gap is used to simulate the arch end crack, and the arch forming condition of the bottom slab of the reverse arch and the arch forming effect of the keyway are deeply studied. Taking into account the factors of prestressed anchoring and different seepage pressure levels, based on the ultimate equilibrium method of rigid body, the anti-slide stability analysis of arch base is carried out. The safety of anti-slide stability of the reverse arch floor is guaranteed by 240 KPA uplift pressure stability. Based on the principle of "static design, dynamic adjustment", the dynamic load measured by the model is treated and combined with the prediction formula of maximum lifting force. The upward lift time history of the bottom slab and the slope lining block of the reverse arch water cushion pond is obtained. The dynamic responses such as displacement and stress are studied and the safety evaluation is made for the optimized and adjusted protective structure of the reverse arch water cushion pond under the condition of discharge.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TV653;TV135

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