本文選題：有壓管道 + 水力瞬變��； 參考：《太原理工大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：迄今為止,大流量、遠距離輸水大多采用兩種方式—渠道輸水和管道輸水。渠道輸水相對古老,且有較大的水流滲漏與蒸發(fā),對水資源的可持續(xù)發(fā)展不利,而管道輸水作為一種新型輸水方式,優(yōu)勢明顯,在世界范圍內(nèi)的工業(yè)用水和城市生活用水中已被廣泛采用。盡管管道輸水優(yōu)勢明顯,但在有壓管道輸水過程中,由于閥門的急劇關閉、開啟及水泵機組的突然停機等常常造成管中瞬時高壓或低壓,嚴重破壞管道輸水的安全性,造成重大經(jīng)濟損失和安全事故。因此,研究輸水管路的水力瞬變理論,尋找控制及防護水力瞬變的方法措施,對確保工程的安全運行具有重要意義。隨著現(xiàn)代大型遠距離調(diào)水工程的持續(xù)發(fā)展,輸水系統(tǒng)的瞬變特性及安全防護研究更越來越受到重視。 本文以有壓輸水管道系統(tǒng)為背景,重點研究了模擬水力瞬變特性的IAB摩阻模型,提出了模型摩阻項的Simpson積分處理方法,并利用模型試驗對提出的非恒定摩阻模型進行驗證；研究了多種常用防護措施的適用條件及工作原理,并給出了其邊界條件；發(fā)現(xiàn)并解決了在模擬實際輸水工程中應用瞬變模型存在的問題。本文主要研究工作及成果包括： (1)詳細闡述目前國內(nèi)外關于瞬變摩阻模型及安全防護的研究現(xiàn)狀,找出其中存在的問題及不足。 (2)基于對研究管道水力瞬變需要更準確的模型的認識,定性分析了幾類瞬變摩阻模型,并給出了IAB摩阻模型中摩阻項的Simpson處理方法及其離散網(wǎng)格；利用模型試驗,定量分析了準恒定摩阻模型及IAB非恒定摩阻模型的模擬結果與實測壓力值的吻合程度,對比分析模型的優(yōu)劣。 (3)通過對兩個經(jīng)驗公式分別計算出的Brunone摩阻系數(shù)κ值進行算例分析,驗證了系數(shù)κ原經(jīng)驗公式的準確性,并研究了系數(shù)κ對IAB模型的影響。 (4)在LAB模型的基礎上,通過對不同關閥時間進行模擬,研究了關閥時間與最大間接水錘及其出現(xiàn)時刻間的關系；通過算例研究了Simpson差值網(wǎng)格計算的時間步長zΔt對模擬精度的影響,提出了At的合理取值范圍。 (5)詳細論述了多種瞬變流安全防護措施的防護機理及工作原理,并給出了相應的邊界條件,為安全防護方案的選擇提供依據(jù)。 (6)結合IAB摩阻模型和安全防護措施的邊界條件,開發(fā)有壓管道輸水工程安全運行決策支持系統(tǒng),并通過工程實例,對工程水力瞬變過程進行計算機仿真,提出輸水系統(tǒng)安全合理的運行方式,驗證系統(tǒng)軟件的有效性。
[Abstract]:Up to now, two ways are used for large flow and long distance water delivery: channel water delivery and pipeline water conveyance. The canal water conveyance is relatively old, and has the bigger water flow leakage and the evaporation, which is unfavorable to the sustainable development of the water resources. As a new type of water conveyance, the pipeline water conveyance has obvious advantages. It has been widely used in industrial and urban water use all over the world. Although the pipeline water conveyance superiority is obvious, but in the pressure pipeline water conveyance process, because of the valve sharp closing, the opening and the pump unit sudden shutdown and so on, often causes the instantaneous high pressure or the low pressure in the pipe, seriously destroys the pipeline water conveyance safety. Cause great economic loss and safety accident. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the hydraulic transient theory of the pipeline and to find the methods and measures to control and protect the hydraulic transient in order to ensure the safe operation of the project. With the continuous development of modern large-scale long-distance water transfer projects, more and more attention has been paid to the transient characteristics and safety protection of water conveyance systems. In this paper, the IAB friction model which simulates the hydraulic transient characteristics is studied, and the Simpson integral treatment method for the friction term of the model is put forward. The model test is used to verify the unsteady friction model. The applicable conditions and working principles of various common protective measures are studied, and the boundary conditions are given, and the problems existing in the application of transient model in simulating actual water conveyance projects are found and solved. The main work and achievements of this paper are as follows: 1) the research status of transient friction model and safety protection at home and abroad are described in detail, and the existing problems and shortcomings are found out. 2) based on the understanding of the need for more accurate models for the study of pipeline hydraulic transients, several kinds of transient friction models are qualitatively analyzed, and the Simpson treatment method of friction term in IAB friction model and its discrete mesh are given. The simulation results of the quasi-constant friction model and the IAB unsteady friction model are quantitatively analyzed and compared with the measured pressure values, and the advantages and disadvantages of the model are compared and analyzed. 3) the accuracy of the original empirical formula of coefficient 魏 is verified by the example analysis of the Brunone friction coefficient 魏 calculated by two empirical formulas, and the influence of coefficient 魏 on the IAB model is studied. 4) on the basis of LAB model, the relationship between the time of closing valve and the maximum indirect water hammer and its appearance time is studied by simulating the different time of closing valve. The influence of the time step size z 螖 t of Simpson difference grid calculation on the simulation accuracy is studied, and the reasonable value range of at is proposed. The protection mechanism and working principle of various kinds of transient current safety protection measures are discussed in detail, and the corresponding boundary conditions are given to provide the basis for the selection of safety protection scheme. Combined with the IAB friction model and the boundary conditions of safety protection measures, a decision support system for safe operation of water conveyance project in pressurized pipeline is developed, and the hydraulic transient process of the project is simulated by computer through an engineering example. The safe and reasonable operation mode of the water conveyance system is put forward to verify the validity of the system software.
【學位授予單位】：太原理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TV134;TV672

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本文編號：1983114