本文選題：四湖流域 + 水文連通度　； 參考：《華中師范大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：水文連通度對于平原河網(wǎng)水系具有重要作用,良好的水文連通度有利于良好水質(zhì)的保持、保護濕地生態(tài)環(huán)境、洪澇災害的防治、提供穩(wěn)定的水資源等。反之,不良的水文連通度容易引起一系列生態(tài)環(huán)境問題,河流連通結構阻斷、湖泊濕地萎縮消亡、洪澇干旱災害頻發(fā)等。四湖流域地處江漢平原,生態(tài)環(huán)境問題較多,生態(tài)環(huán)境問題已經(jīng)成為制約該地區(qū)發(fā)展的主要因素。近些年來隨著社會經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展,四湖流域人類活動對河湖環(huán)境演變的影響逐漸加強。人為因素的干擾破壞了水系水體之間連接,四湖地區(qū)的水系結構發(fā)生改變,水文連通度下降,導致河湖環(huán)境演變并產(chǎn)生功能失調(diào)。洪水期水文過程受到影響,因河系水網(wǎng)的阻隔,易產(chǎn)生外洪內(nèi)澇的洪水期水文過程。水旱災害頻在一定程度上惡化了生態(tài)環(huán)境和流域范圍內(nèi)人類的生存環(huán)境。 本文利用GIS技術,DEM影像數(shù)據(jù)與四湖流域近50年的洪水期降水數(shù)據(jù)得出洪水期水文過程的變化。利用四湖流域1954年和2005年水系結構矢量化地圖通過景觀生態(tài)學的廊道節(jié)點方法,對四湖流域水文連通度進行評價。以此來探討四湖流域水文連通度的變化對洪水期水文過程的影響。 本文的主要結論為： (1)從20世紀50年代以來,四湖流域水文連通度呈明顯下降趨勢。流域總體水文連通度下降。流域三個區(qū)域中,上區(qū)水文連通度水平保持較好,為優(yōu)等。中區(qū)水文連通度下降最明顯,由原來的優(yōu)等水平,下降為良等水平,下降了一個等級。因中區(qū)河湖消失情況嚴重。下區(qū)水文連通度下降也非常明顯,由優(yōu)等水平降為中等水平,下降了兩個等級。四湖流域水文連通度下降的最主要的因素是人類活動的影響。 (2)四湖流域受人類活動的干擾水文連通度呈明顯下降趨勢,這導致四湖流域在洪水期水文過程更加復雜,降雨產(chǎn)生的地表徑流是本地區(qū)產(chǎn)生外洪內(nèi)澇情況的主要原因。而隨著水文連通度的降低,四湖地區(qū)防洪水流壓力增大,降雨匯流不能迅速在本區(qū)域消化。同時旱災年份,水資源因河湖水系連通水平低,河湖阻斷,江河分離,不能及時合理調(diào)配水資源。
[Abstract]:The hydrological connectivity plays an important role in the river network of the plain. Good hydrological connectivity is beneficial to the maintenance of good water quality, the protection of wetland ecological environment, the prevention and control of flood and waterlogging, and the provision of stable water resources. On the other hand, poor hydrological connectivity can easily lead to a series of ecological environmental problems, river connectivity structure blocking, lake wetland atrophy and extinction, frequent flood and drought disasters, and so on. The four lakes basin is located in Jianghan Plain, and there are many ecological environmental problems, which have become the main factors restricting the development of this area. In recent years, with the development of social economy, the influence of human activities on the evolution of river and lake environment in the four lakes basin is gradually strengthened. The disturbance of human factors destroys the connection between the water systems, changes the water system structure in the four lakes, and reduces the hydrological connectivity, which leads to the evolution of the river and lake environment and the maladjustment of its function. The hydrological process during flood period is affected, and the hydrological process of external flood and waterlogging is easy to occur because of the blocking of river network. The frequency of flood and drought disasters has deteriorated the ecological environment and the human survival environment in the river basin to a certain extent. In this paper, the variation of hydrological process during flood period is obtained by using GIS technique and Dem image data and precipitation data of four lakes basin in recent 50 years. The hydrological connectivity of the four lakes watershed was evaluated by using the vectorized map of water system structure in 1954 and 2005 through the corridor node method of landscape ecology. The influence of the change of hydrological connectivity on the hydrological process during flood period is discussed. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: Since the 1950s, the hydrological connectivity of the four lakes basin has decreased obviously. The total hydrological connectivity of the basin decreased. In the three regions of the basin, the level of hydrological connectivity in the upper region is good and excellent. The hydrological connectivity of the central region decreased most obviously, from the original superior level to the good level, which decreased by one grade. Due to the disappearance of rivers and lakes in Central District, the situation is serious. The decrease of hydrological connectivity in the lower region is also very obvious, from the superior level to the medium level, which is reduced by two grades. The main factor of the decrease of hydrological connectivity in the four lakes basin is the influence of human activities. 2) the hydrological connectivity of the four lakes basin affected by human activities is decreasing obviously, which leads to the more complicated hydrological process in the flood period, and the surface runoff caused by rainfall is the main reason for the external flood and waterlogging in this area. However, with the decrease of hydrological connectivity, the pressure of flood control flow in the four lakes increases, and the rainfall confluence can not be digested rapidly in this region. At the same time, in drought years, water resources cannot be allocated in time due to the low level of river and lake water system connectivity, the blocking of rivers and lakes, and the separation of rivers and rivers.
【學位授予單位】：華中師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：P333

【引證文獻】

相關期刊論文 前1條

1 金菊良;楊齊祺;周玉良;崔毅;張宇亮;蔣尚明;張明;袁瀟晨;;干旱分析技術的研究進展[J];華北水利水電大學學報(自然科學版);2016年02期

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本文編號：1974003