本文選題：長江上游 + 大規(guī)模水庫群��； 參考：《華中科技大學》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：長江上游金沙江、雅礱江、大渡河、嘉陵江、烏江等干支流雨水充足,水能豐富,是我國的戰(zhàn)略水源地和大型水電基地。為合理開發(fā)利用流域水資源,長江上游干支流興建和規(guī)劃了一大批控制性水庫,以確保中下游地區(qū)防洪安全,滿足發(fā)電、供水、航運、生態(tài)等用水需求。隨著這些控制性水庫的建成投運,長江上游干支流水庫群聯(lián)合運行將成為必然選擇。然而,長江上游水庫群聯(lián)合調度具有系統(tǒng)規(guī)模龐大、調度目標多樣、約束條件復雜、水庫調節(jié)性能各異等特點,是一類典型的高維、非線性、強耦合、多目標優(yōu)化問題,難以通過傳統(tǒng)的水庫調度理論與方法加以解決。為此,本文圍繞長江上游大規(guī)模水庫群綜合運用聯(lián)合優(yōu)化調度面臨的若干關鍵科學問題,以流域水資源高效利用為目標,結合水庫調度、水資源配置、系統(tǒng)分析和優(yōu)化決策理論及方法,對綜合運用需求下長江上游大規(guī)模水庫群聯(lián)合調度建模、求解和應用開展了深入研究,取得了一些理論研究和工程應用方面的重要成果,并在長江上游金沙江調控中心和華中電網調度中獲得應用,主要成果包括：(1)針對三峽梯級汛期面臨的防洪、發(fā)電、航運等調度需求,研究工作從綜合效益最大化的角度,考慮梯級水庫現有中小洪水運用研究成果,提出了基于運行水位-入庫流量-下泄流量邊界的防洪規(guī)則,推求了下泄流量-通航保證率間的映射關系,建立了基于多目標優(yōu)化調度的汛期綜合運用模型,進而制定了6種不同的汛期綜合運用方案,并結合梯級水庫設計方案和2009年優(yōu)化調度方案,進行了實測徑流、典型洪水和設計洪水下梯級水庫汛期調度方案的模擬驗證。結果表明,與已有調度方案相比,基于下游防洪航運發(fā)電目標次序的汛期綜合運用方案,能夠在不增加防洪風險的情況下,有效提高梯級水庫汛期的通航保證率和總發(fā)電量。(2)圍繞流域大規(guī)模水庫群聯(lián)合發(fā)電調度和模型求解問題,綜合考慮各水庫自身運行約束以及水庫群間復雜水力、電力聯(lián)系,建立了大規(guī)�；炻�(lián)水庫群聯(lián)合發(fā)電優(yōu)化調度模型,并基于大系統(tǒng)分解協(xié)調和離散微分動態(tài)規(guī)劃方法,利用隨機策略生成水庫調度初始解,提出相對水頭系數確定子系統(tǒng)間協(xié)調因子,采用自適應廊道和偏廊道技術加快收斂速度,獲得改進的LSSDC-DDDP混合優(yōu)化方法,進行大規(guī)模水庫群聯(lián)合優(yōu)化調度模型的高效求解。長江上游控制性水庫群聯(lián)合調度結果表明,改進的混合優(yōu)化方法具有很好的收斂速度和優(yōu)化效果；同時,水庫群聯(lián)合調度能夠充分發(fā)揮流域庫容補償和水文補償作用,從而有效提高梯級總發(fā)電量。(3)為實現長江上游干支流地區(qū)的水資源優(yōu)化配置,研究工作考慮流域內已建和規(guī)劃的控制性水庫,合理利用水庫群的興利庫容進行徑流和供水調節(jié),并結合流域內各種用水需求和水庫綜合運用需求,以流域供水缺額最小和水庫群發(fā)電量最大為目標,建立了面向水資源優(yōu)化配置的水庫群聯(lián)合調度模型。根據長江上游用水需求變化和水庫群建設情況,分別從2015水平年和2025水平年的角度,進行了不同方案下長江上游水資源配置模擬。結果表明,流域大規(guī)模水庫群聯(lián)合調度能夠在提高發(fā)電和生態(tài)效益的同時有效降低流域總供水缺額；此外,長江上游嘉陵江和岷沱江流域水資源供需矛盾突出,可以考慮節(jié)約用水和修建水利工程的措施加以解決。(4)為探究長江上游干支流水庫群聯(lián)合發(fā)電調度補償效益及補償規(guī)律,研究工作以雅礱江、金沙江、大渡河、烏江和長江干流大型水庫為對象,考慮水庫所屬子流域及其調度業(yè)主,分別制定了單庫優(yōu)化調度、梯級水庫聯(lián)合調度和大規(guī)�；炻�(lián)水庫群聯(lián)合調度方案,并通過不同聯(lián)合調度方案的長系列歷史徑流調度模擬,研究了梯級水庫群聯(lián)合調度中上下游水庫間補償關系,以及長江上游不同梯級聯(lián)合調度方案下梯級間補償與互補規(guī)律。在此基礎上,考慮個體參與聯(lián)合調度的貢獻值大小,提出補償-受益對等的改進貢獻系數法和Shapley值法,進行了水庫間和梯級間聯(lián)合調度補償效益分配,以充分調動水庫業(yè)主參與水庫群聯(lián)合調度的積極性。
[Abstract]:The Jinsha River, the Yalong River, Dadu River, the Dadu River, the Jialingjiang River and the Wujiang are rich in rainwater and water energy. It is the strategic water source and large hydropower base in China. A large number of control reservoirs are built and planned for the rational exploitation and utilization of water resources in the river basin, so as to ensure the safety of flood control in the middle and lower reaches and meet the power generation. Water, shipping, ecological and other water requirements. With the completion of these controlled reservoirs, the joint operation of the trunk stream bank groups in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River will be an inevitable choice. However, the joint operation of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River has a large scale, various scheduling targets, complex constraints and different reservoir regulation performance, which is a typical high level. It is difficult to solve the problem of dimension, nonlinearity, strong coupling and multi-objective optimization, which is difficult to solve through the traditional reservoir scheduling theory and method. For this reason, this paper focuses on a number of key scientific problems facing the comprehensive utilization of large-scale reservoirs in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, with the goal of high efficiency utilization of water resources in the basin, combined with reservoir scheduling, water resource allocation, and system. The theory and method of the unified analysis and optimization of decision making have carried out a deep study on the modeling, solution and application of the large-scale reservoir group in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River under the comprehensive application demand, and obtained some important achievements in theoretical research and engineering application. It has been applied to the control center of the Jinsha River and the central China Power Grid in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. The results include: (1) in view of the flood control, power generation, shipping and other dispatching requirements of the Three Gorges cascade flood season, from the perspective of the maximum comprehensive benefit, the research results of the existing small and medium flood use in the cascade reservoirs are considered, and the flood control rules based on the operating water level - the discharge flow and the discharge boundary are proposed, and the discharge - navigation guarantee rate is deduced. The comprehensive application model of flood season based on multi objective optimization scheduling is established, and then 6 different comprehensive utilization schemes for flood season are formulated, and combined with the cascade reservoir design scheme and the 2009 optimal scheduling scheme, the simulated verification of the measured runoff, typical flood and the flood season scheduling scheme for the cascade reservoirs under the design flood water is carried out. The results show that, compared with the existing scheduling scheme, the comprehensive utilization scheme based on the sequence of downstream flood control and shipping power targets can effectively improve the navigation guarantee rate and total generating capacity of the cascade reservoirs in flood season without increasing the risk of flood control. (2) comprehensive examination of the joint power generation scheduling and model solving of large-scale reservoir groups in the basin. Considering the operation constraints of each reservoir and the complex hydraulic and electric connection among the reservoirs, the optimal scheduling model of the joint power generation for the large-scale mixed reservoir group is established. Based on the decomposition coordination of large systems and the discrete differential dynamic programming method, the initial solution of the reservoir scheduling is generated by the random strategy, and the coordination factors of the relative water head coefficient determination subsystem are proposed. The adaptive corridor and partial corridor technique are used to speed up the convergence speed, and the improved LSSDC-DDDP hybrid optimization method is obtained. The combined optimal scheduling model of large-scale reservoir group is solved efficiently. The results of the joint scheduling of controlled reservoir groups in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River show that the improved hybrid optimization method has good convergence speed and optimization effect. At the same time, the reservoir group joint operation can make full use of the drainage capacity compensation and hydrological compensation function of the basin, thus effectively improve the total power generation of the cascade. (3) to realize the optimal allocation of water resources in the dry tributary area of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, the research work considers the controlled water storehouse built and planned in the basin, and makes use of the capacity of the reservoir group to carry out the runoff and to carry out the runoff. Water supply regulation, combined with various water demand in the basin and the comprehensive utilization demand of the reservoir, in order to minimize the shortage of water supply in the basin and the maximum quantity of reservoir electricity, a joint dispatching model for the optimal allocation of water resources is set up. According to the change of the water demand and the construction of the reservoir group in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, the model is from the 2015 level and the 2025 respectively. The simulation of water resources allocation in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River under different schemes has been carried out. The results show that the joint scheduling of large scale reservoirs in the river basin can effectively reduce the total water supply shortage while improving the power generation and ecological benefits. In addition, the water supply and demand contradiction of the Jialing River and mintuo River Basin in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River is prominent, and the conservation of water resources can be considered. The measures of water use and construction of water conservancy projects are solved. (4) in order to explore the compensation benefit and compensation law of the joint power generation dispatching of the stream bank group in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, the research work takes the Yalong River, Jinsha River, Dadu River, Wujiang and the Yangtze River large reservoir as the object. The joint dispatching of the cascade reservoirs and the joint dispatching of the large scale mixed reservoir group, and through the long series of historical runoff scheduling simulation of different joint scheduling schemes, the compensation relationship between the upper and lower reservoirs in the joint scheduling of cascade reservoirs and the compensation and complementation law of the cascade under the different cascade joint scheduling schemes in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River are studied. On this basis, considering the contribution value of individual participation in joint scheduling, the improved contribution coefficient method and Shapley value method are proposed for compensation benefit equivalence, and the compensation benefit allocation of the joint dispatching between reservoirs and cascade is carried out so as to fully mobilize the enthusiasm of the owners of reservoirs to participate in the joint dispatching of reservoirs.
【學位授予單位】：華中科技大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TV697.12
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本文編號：1959091