本文選題：水動(dòng)力學(xué)模型 + 洪泛區(qū)�。� 參考：《水利學(xué)報(bào)》2017年04期

【摘要】：在洪水風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理中,通常認(rèn)為逃生距離與淹沒(méi)水深是災(zāi)民避難遷移的控制因素,而洪水泛濫過(guò)程以及人員所在位置的時(shí)空分布對(duì)避難逃生時(shí)機(jī)與路徑選擇會(huì)產(chǎn)生較大影響。在構(gòu)建的洪泛區(qū)避難逃生路線優(yōu)化模型中,采用二維水動(dòng)力學(xué)模型,模擬洪泛區(qū)的洪水演進(jìn)過(guò)程;采用Dijkstra算法推求最短路線,考慮水流對(duì)逃生速度的影響,根據(jù)洪水中人體的穩(wěn)定程度及最遲逃生時(shí)刻確定最優(yōu)避難逃生路線。該模型計(jì)算結(jié)果能為指導(dǎo)洪泛區(qū)災(zāi)民逃生及路網(wǎng)選址提供參考依據(jù)。以1958年7月和1982年8月蘭考東明灘區(qū)漫灘洪水為例,分析了漫灘洪水中人體危險(xiǎn)程度變化情況,比較了2場(chǎng)洪水中3個(gè)受災(zāi)點(diǎn)最優(yōu)避難逃生路線的位置及最遲逃生時(shí)刻。計(jì)算結(jié)果表明:根據(jù)最優(yōu)路線開(kāi)展逃生將為災(zāi)民贏得3~6 h的逃生時(shí)間;2場(chǎng)洪水中災(zāi)民逃生的最優(yōu)路線位置相同,可據(jù)此適當(dāng)調(diào)整已建路網(wǎng)或規(guī)劃逃生專用的通道;因1958年洪水的洪峰及水量均較大,所以最遲逃生時(shí)間較1982年提前2~3 h。
[Abstract]:In flood risk management, it is generally considered that escape distance and submerged depth are the controlling factors of refugee migration, while flood process and the spatial and temporal distribution of personnel location will have a great impact on the timing and path of escape. In the optimized model of escape route in flood floodplain area, a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model is used to simulate the flood routing process, and Dijkstra algorithm is used to calculate the shortest route, considering the influence of water flow on escape speed. The optimal escape route is determined according to the stability of human body in flood and the latest escape time. The results of the model can be used as a reference for guiding the flood victims to escape and select the location of the road network. Taking floodplain flood in Donming beach area of Lankao in July 1958 and August 1982 as an example, the changes of human body dangerous degree in floodplain flood were analyzed, and the location of optimal escape route and the last escape time of 3 disaster spots in two floods were compared. The results show that the optimal route location of the disaster victims in the two floods will be the same when the escape time is 3 ~ 6 hours according to the optimal route, and the road network can be adjusted or the special escape passage can be planned accordingly. Because the Hong Feng and the amount of water in the 1958 flood were both larger, the latest escape time was 2 ~ 3 hours earlier than that in 1982.
【作者單位】： 武漢大學(xué)水資源與水電工程科學(xué)國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;中國(guó)水利水電科學(xué)研究院防洪抗旱減災(zāi)研究所;
【基金】：國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(51379156) 水利部公益性行業(yè)科研專項(xiàng)經(jīng)費(fèi)項(xiàng)目(201401038)
【分類號(hào)】：TV87
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本文編號(hào)：1957635