本文選題：輸水管道 + 流固耦合�。� 參考：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：輸水管道中存在由于流體與管道之間相互作用的流固耦合現(xiàn)象,由于流體流動(dòng)狀態(tài)的不穩(wěn)定,導(dǎo)致流體內(nèi)部壓力失衡而產(chǎn)生了壓力波動(dòng)從而引發(fā)管道的振動(dòng),這種振動(dòng)對(duì)于彎頭、閥門(mén)等管道的連接部位的影響,會(huì)導(dǎo)致管道漏失現(xiàn)象的發(fā)生,在極端情況下可能會(huì)發(fā)生爆管事故。從保障輸水管道安全性的角度出發(fā),本文基于流固耦合理論,對(duì)重力流、壓力流兩種不同供水方式展開(kāi)研究,通過(guò)對(duì)穩(wěn)態(tài)振動(dòng)數(shù)據(jù)、關(guān)閥試驗(yàn)壓力數(shù)據(jù)的采集,以及數(shù)值模擬技術(shù)的應(yīng)用,來(lái)監(jiān)測(cè)管道流固耦合振動(dòng)的特性。首先建設(shè)了試驗(yàn)管道系統(tǒng),有機(jī)玻璃管作為管材,由高低位水箱、重力流管道、壓力流管道組成,管道總長(zhǎng)度75m,管道內(nèi)通過(guò)水泵和閥門(mén)調(diào)節(jié)流速在0-2.3m/s之間,在模擬氣液兩相流流體時(shí),用氣泵加氣,加氣量在0-1.5m3/h之間。在兩條管道中,含有上升管段、下降管段、水平管段來(lái)模擬輸水管道由于地形起伏而存在多種傾斜度管段的情況。設(shè)置電動(dòng)蝶閥控制流速來(lái)進(jìn)行穩(wěn)態(tài)振動(dòng)試驗(yàn)分析,用加速度傳感器采集振動(dòng)數(shù)據(jù);通過(guò)氣動(dòng)蝶閥的迅速關(guān)閉來(lái)模擬關(guān)閥水錘試驗(yàn),用壓力傳感器采集水錘壓力變化數(shù)據(jù)。對(duì)試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行理論分析和處理結(jié)果表明,對(duì)于穩(wěn)態(tài)振動(dòng)試驗(yàn),在單相流中,管道內(nèi)徑向振動(dòng)強(qiáng)度較小,而軸向振動(dòng)強(qiáng)度隨著流速增加而增加,在氣液兩相流中,由于氣體的存在導(dǎo)致管道振動(dòng)情況變得復(fù)雜,下降管段處管道振動(dòng)受含氣率的影響很大,對(duì)比單相流,在相同流速下,軸向振動(dòng)和徑向振動(dòng)強(qiáng)度都較大,說(shuō)明了水中氣體的存在會(huì)使管道在穩(wěn)態(tài)情況下振動(dòng)更加劇烈,不利于管道穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行。對(duì)于關(guān)閥水錘壓力試驗(yàn),關(guān)閥水錘的水錘升壓值隨著流速增加而增加,而在相同流速下,隨著加氣量的增加,關(guān)閥水錘升壓值減小,這是由于氣液兩相流中氣體的可壓縮性,有效的減弱了關(guān)閥水錘的強(qiáng)度。說(shuō)明在極端情況流態(tài)變化的情況下,流體中氣體的存在會(huì)對(duì)管道產(chǎn)生一定的保護(hù)作用。在數(shù)值模型分析中,通過(guò)ANSYS Workbench平臺(tái)進(jìn)行關(guān)閥試驗(yàn)數(shù)值模擬研究。通過(guò)建立與試驗(yàn)管道情況類(lèi)似的物理模型進(jìn)行單向流固耦合數(shù)值分析,得到了管道流體壓力變化云圖及管壁形變變化云圖,對(duì)水錘現(xiàn)象有了更加直觀的分析。通過(guò)對(duì)輸水管道中流固耦合現(xiàn)象多角度,多工況的全面分析,總結(jié)了輸水管道流固耦合振動(dòng)特點(diǎn),這些試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)與結(jié)論對(duì)輸水管道的設(shè)計(jì)、管理提供了理論基礎(chǔ),具有一定的參考價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:The fluid-solid coupling phenomenon exists in the pipeline because of the interaction between the fluid and the pipeline. Because of the instability of the fluid flow state, the internal pressure of the fluid is out of balance and the pressure fluctuates, which leads to the vibration of the pipeline. The effect of this vibration on the connection part of the pipe, such as elbows and valves, will lead to the leakage of the pipe, and in extreme cases, the pipe burst may occur. From the point of view of ensuring the safety of water conveyance pipeline, based on the theory of fluid-solid coupling, this paper studies two different water supply modes, gravity flow and pressure flow, through the collection of steady state vibration data and valve closing test pressure data. And the application of numerical simulation technology to monitor the characteristics of fluid-solid coupling vibration of pipeline. First of all, the test pipe system was built, and the plexiglass pipe was used as the pipe material, which was composed of high and low water tank, gravity flow pipe and pressure flow pipe. The total length of the pipe was 75m. The flow velocity was adjusted between 0-2.3m/s by water pump and valve in the pipeline. In the simulation of gas-liquid two-phase flow, the gas pump is used to aerate and the amount of gas added is between 0-1.5m3/h. In the two pipelines, there are ascending, descending and horizontal pipe sections to simulate the situation that there are many kinds of inclined pipe segments due to the topographic fluctuation of the pipeline. Setting the electric butterfly valve to control the velocity to carry on the steady state vibration test analysis, using the acceleration sensor to collect the vibration data, through the pneumatic butterfly valve to close quickly to simulate the shutoff valve water hammer test, use the pressure sensor to collect the water hammer pressure change data. The theoretical analysis and processing results of the experimental data show that, for steady state vibration test, the radial vibration intensity in the single phase flow is small, while the axial vibration intensity increases with the increase of the flow velocity, and in the gas-liquid two-phase flow, the axial vibration intensity increases with the increase of the velocity of flow. Due to the existence of gas, the pipeline vibration becomes more complicated, and the pipeline vibration at the descending section is greatly affected by the gas content. Compared with the single-phase flow, the axial vibration and radial vibration intensity are larger at the same flow velocity. It is shown that the existence of gas in water will make the pipe vibration more intense under steady state, which is not conducive to the steady operation of the pipeline. For the shutoff valve water hammer pressure test, the water hammer pressure rise value of the shutoff valve water hammer increases with the increase of the velocity of flow, while at the same velocity, with the increase of the amount of gas added, the pressure rise value of the shutoff valve water hammer decreases because of the compressibility of the gas in the gas-liquid two-phase flow. Effectively weakens the strength of the shutoff water hammer. It shows that the existence of gas in the fluid will protect the pipeline in extreme case. In the numerical model analysis, the numerical simulation of closing valve test is carried out through ANSYS Workbench platform. By establishing a physical model similar to that of the experimental pipeline, the unidirectional fluid-solid coupling numerical analysis is carried out, and the cloud diagram of the fluid pressure variation and the deformation change of the pipe wall are obtained, and the water hammer phenomenon is analyzed more intuitively. Through the comprehensive analysis of fluid-solid coupling phenomenon in water conveyance pipeline from many angles and working conditions, the characteristics of fluid-solid coupling vibration in water conveyance pipeline are summarized. These experimental data and conclusions provide a theoretical basis for the design and management of water conveyance pipeline. It has certain reference value.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TV134
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本文編號(hào)：1956066