本文選題：分汊河道 + 航電樞紐　； 參考：《重慶交通大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：分汊河道是天然河流中一種常見的河型,其水流流態(tài)十分復(fù)雜,在分汊口處,水流由于彎曲產(chǎn)生離心作用形成水面橫向比降以及環(huán)流、流線方向改變劇烈時(shí),支汊進(jìn)口段還可能形成分離區(qū)。交匯處的水流則產(chǎn)生頂托作用,發(fā)生紊動(dòng)摻混,形成旋渦,同時(shí),支汊水流受河岸邊界條件的限制,在交匯口下游附近也易形成分離區(qū),產(chǎn)生斷面環(huán)流。所以,與單一河道相比,在分汊河道上布置航電樞紐更為困難,而規(guī)范中也未針對(duì)寬淺分汊河道航電樞紐的布置給出詳細(xì)的規(guī)定,因此,分析分汊河道的水流特性,研究分汊河道航電樞紐的布置具有重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義及應(yīng)用價(jià)值。航電樞紐工程中各類水流條件的研究方法主要有理論分析、物理模型試驗(yàn)研究以及數(shù)學(xué)模擬研究等。采用物理模型試驗(yàn)可以模擬樞紐復(fù)雜的邊界條件,但是受試驗(yàn)場(chǎng)地限制,模擬河道范圍有限。而若能建立樞紐二維水流數(shù)學(xué)模型,作為物理模型的補(bǔ)充,則可以在擴(kuò)大河段研究范圍的同時(shí),縮短研究周期。然而,目前對(duì)樞紐河段水流條件的數(shù)值模擬中,通常將樞紐復(fù)雜的布置予以簡(jiǎn)化導(dǎo)致計(jì)算精度難以滿足要求,同時(shí)模型通常僅能模擬閘門關(guān)閉和敞泄兩種狀態(tài),難以模擬樞紐實(shí)際運(yùn)行中各種靈活的調(diào)度規(guī)則。所以,提高樞紐數(shù)學(xué)模型的計(jì)算準(zhǔn)確度以及擴(kuò)大模型的適用范圍顯得尤為重要。本文以虎渡溪航電樞紐工程為依托,通過(guò)收集水文、泥沙及地質(zhì)資料,采用數(shù)值模擬與物理模型試驗(yàn)相結(jié)合方法,對(duì)分汊河道的航電樞紐布置、水流特性以及船閘引航道口門區(qū)的通航水流條件進(jìn)行研究。研究?jī)?nèi)容主要包括:(1)通過(guò)收集岷江彭山水文站相關(guān)資料結(jié)合水文泥沙特性對(duì)虎渡溪航電樞紐的選址與布置方案進(jìn)行研究,結(jié)合同類型樞紐布置,總結(jié)分汊河道航電樞紐布置的一般要求。(2)針對(duì)目前樞紐二維水流數(shù)值模擬存在的難以模擬樞紐復(fù)雜邊界條件以及閘門靈活調(diào)度的問(wèn)題,提出了對(duì)樞紐進(jìn)行分解模擬的方法,提高樞紐數(shù)值模擬的準(zhǔn)確度及可信度。(3)采用物理模型和數(shù)學(xué)模型相結(jié)合的方法,對(duì)分汊河道下游沙河壩島的防洪問(wèn)題和下引航道口門區(qū)通航水流條件進(jìn)行研究,提出在下游布置分洪道還原天然分汊河道分流比方法解決下游河道防洪問(wèn)題,并對(duì)設(shè)置分洪道對(duì)下引航道口門區(qū)通航水流條件的影響進(jìn)行了研究。
[Abstract]:Branching channel is a common type of river in natural rivers, and its water flow pattern is very complicated. At the bifurcation point, the centrifugal effect of water flow due to bending results in the lateral drop of water surface and the circulation, and the direction of flow line changes sharply. The branch inlet may also form a separation zone. On the other hand, the flow at the junction produces topping, turbulent mixing and vortex formation. At the same time, the branch flow is restricted by the boundary condition of the river bank, and the separation area is easily formed near the lower reaches of the junction, resulting in the cross section circulation. So, compared with the single channel, it is more difficult to arrange the avionics hub on the branching channel, and the layout of the navigation and power junction of the wide and shallow branching channel is not specified in the code. Therefore, the flow characteristics of the branching channel are analyzed. It is of great practical significance and application value to study the arrangement of navigation and power junction in branching channel. The research methods of various kinds of flow conditions in the navigation and power hub project are mainly theoretical analysis, physical model test and mathematical simulation. The complex boundary conditions can be simulated by physical model test, but the range of simulated river is limited by the limitation of test site. If the two-dimensional flow mathematical model of the junction can be established as a supplement to the physical model, the research period can be shortened while the study range of the river reaches is enlarged. However, at present, in the numerical simulation of the flow conditions of the river reach of the hub, the complicated arrangement of the hub is usually simplified to make the calculation accuracy difficult to meet the requirements. At the same time, the model can only simulate the two states of gate closure and open discharge. It is difficult to simulate all kinds of flexible scheduling rules in the actual operation of the hub. Therefore, it is very important to improve the calculation accuracy of the mathematical model and expand the application range of the model. In this paper, based on the Huduxi Navigation and Power Project, by collecting hydrological, sediment and geological data and combining the numerical simulation with the physical model test, the arrangement of the aviation-power hub of the branching channel is made. The characteristics of water flow and the navigable flow conditions in the entrance area of approach channel of ship lock are studied. The main research contents include: (1) by collecting relevant data of Pengshan Hydrologic Station of Minjiang River combined with hydrological and sediment characteristics, the location and layout scheme of Huduxi Navigation and Power Station is studied, and the layout of the same type of hub is also studied. This paper summarizes the general requirements for layout of navigation and power junction in branching channel. Aiming at the problems of complex boundary conditions and flexible operation of sluice gate, which are difficult to simulate in numerical simulation of 2D flow in the junction at present, a method of decomposing and simulating the junction is put forward. In order to improve the accuracy and reliability of the numerical simulation of the junction, the method of combining physical and mathematical models is used to study the flood control problems of Shaheba Island in the lower reaches of the branching channel and the navigable flow conditions in the entrance area of the lower approach channel. The method of reducing the distribution ratio of natural branching channel in the downstream is put forward to solve the problem of flood control in the downstream channel, and the influence of setting the diversion channel on the navigable flow condition in the entrance area of the lower approach channel is studied.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TV61;TV135.1

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