本文選題：巖塞爆破 + 輪廓面　； 參考：《長江科學(xué)院》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：為了取水灌溉、擴機發(fā)電、城市供水等目的，需在已建成的電站水庫或天然湖泊中增建水工隧洞，這些水工隧洞進口常位于水面以下數(shù)十米甚至百米深處。常規(guī)修筑圍堰的方法工期長、費用昂貴、甚至不可行。具有專一性特點的水下巖塞爆破技術(shù)為這類工程提供了支持和保障，其核心是一次爆通，巖塞進水口成型良好，以保證水工隧洞進水口具有良好的水力條件和長期運行的穩(wěn)定性，確保巖塞進水口附近水工建筑物的安全，即“爆通、成型、安全”。但是，，采用水下巖塞爆破技術(shù)開挖不能對進水口進行襯砌，為了獲得較好的斷面輪廓以及長期運行過程中巖塞進水口的穩(wěn)定性，只能采取有效的輪廓面控制爆破技術(shù)和合理爆破參數(shù)。因此，對水下巖塞輪廓面成型的爆破機理研究具有重要工程應(yīng)用意義。 本文首先闡述了國內(nèi)外水下巖塞爆破技術(shù)的應(yīng)用以及輪廓面控制爆破機理的理論研究狀況，從巖石的動力特性和動力破壞準則兩方面對巖石的爆破特性進行了介紹和分析；其次介紹了輪廓面控制爆破的成縫機理，并研究了圍壓（地應(yīng)力）對裂縫形成的影響；然后，結(jié)合工程實例介紹了輪廓面控制爆破試驗情況，得出采用光面爆破方式有利于獲得良好的爆破效果；最后用ANSYS/LS-DYNA軟件進行數(shù)值模擬分析，研究地應(yīng)力對輪廓面控制爆破的影響，為輪廓面控制爆破方式的選擇提供依據(jù)。 本文研究的重點和創(chuàng)新在于：分析地應(yīng)力對光面爆破和預(yù)裂爆破的影響差異，得出在有地應(yīng)力時，宜優(yōu)先采用光面爆破方式；通過工程實例的現(xiàn)場爆破試驗提出了合理的輪廓面控制爆破參數(shù)；分別建立多炮孔同時起爆的光面爆破和預(yù)裂爆破三維數(shù)值模型，對比分析不同地應(yīng)力情況對輪廓面控制爆破的影響。
[Abstract]:In order to collect water for irrigation, expand power generation, and supply water to the city, it is necessary to build additional hydraulic tunnels in the reservoirs or natural lakes that have already been built. The inlet of these hydraulic tunnels is often located at the depths of tens of meters or even 100 meters below the surface of the water. The conventional method of constructing cofferdam is long, expensive and even not feasible. The underwater rock plug blasting technology with special characteristics provides support and guarantee for this kind of project, the core of which is a single explosion, and the rock plug inlet is well formed. In order to ensure good hydraulic condition and long-term operation stability of hydraulic tunnel inlet, and to ensure the safety of hydraulic structure near rock plug inlet, that is, "exploding, forming and safety". However, the underwater rock plug blasting technology can not be used to lining the intake, in order to obtain a better profile of the section and the stability of the rock plug inlet during the long-term operation, Only effective contours control blasting technology and reasonable blasting parameters can be adopted. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the blasting mechanism of underwater rock plug profile forming. In this paper, firstly, the application of underwater rock plug blasting technology and the theoretical research status of contours controlled blasting mechanism at home and abroad are described, and the blasting characteristics of rock are introduced and analyzed from two aspects of rock dynamic characteristics and dynamic failure criteria. Secondly, the jointing mechanism of contours controlled blasting is introduced, and the influence of confining pressure (ground stress) on crack formation is studied. It is concluded that smooth blasting is beneficial to obtain good blasting effect. Finally, numerical simulation analysis is carried out with ANSYS/LS-DYNA software to study the influence of ground stress on contours controlled blasting, which provides the basis for the selection of contour-controlled blasting methods. The key points and innovations of this paper are as follows: analyzing the difference of the effect of ground stress on smooth blasting and pre-splitting blasting, it is concluded that the mode of smooth blasting should be preferred when there is ground stress; Through the field blasting test of engineering examples, the reasonable parameters of contours controlled blasting are put forward, and the 3D numerical models of smooth blasting and pre-splitting blasting are established, respectively. The effect of different ground stress on contours controlled blasting is analyzed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長江科學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TV554;TV542

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