本文選題：水庫(kù) + 生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)　； 參考：《華北電力大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：大型水庫(kù)工程作為水電能源建設(shè)的中流砥柱,在發(fā)揮其防洪、發(fā)電、供水、生態(tài)改善等綜合利用效益的同時(shí),不可避免地也會(huì)對(duì)生態(tài)環(huán)境產(chǎn)生一定的影響,且已成為該領(lǐng)域內(nèi)國(guó)內(nèi)外研究熱點(diǎn)；為了更好地揭示修建水庫(kù)及其運(yùn)行與周?chē)鷳B(tài)環(huán)境的關(guān)系,減免生態(tài)環(huán)境影響的負(fù)面效應(yīng),本文對(duì)修建水庫(kù)后下游河流生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)方法和管理措施進(jìn)行了探索研究。 首先,基于RVA (Range of Variability Approach,變化范圍法)思想嘗試將結(jié)構(gòu)層次復(fù)雜、人類(lèi)認(rèn)識(shí)尚不全面的建庫(kù)后下游河流生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)源轉(zhuǎn)化成水文情勢(shì)的變化,以避開(kāi)海量難以收集的生態(tài)數(shù)據(jù)的統(tǒng)計(jì)工作和操作性差等傳統(tǒng)生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)的缺點(diǎn),選取能反映建庫(kù)后下游生態(tài)環(huán)境變化的關(guān)鍵因素,建立了水庫(kù)下游河流生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系；其次,在考慮生態(tài)系統(tǒng)彈性范圍基礎(chǔ)上采用風(fēng)險(xiǎn)指數(shù)法與RVA法對(duì)其進(jìn)行量化,針對(duì)生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)工作及人類(lèi)對(duì)生態(tài)環(huán)境認(rèn)識(shí)程度本身所具有的模糊性,將生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)量化為5個(gè)相對(duì)的等級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),構(gòu)建了水庫(kù)下游河流生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的模糊綜合評(píng)價(jià)模型；再者,本文結(jié)合實(shí)際研究對(duì)象提出了相應(yīng)的生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理措施,同時(shí)也嘗試針對(duì)當(dāng)前經(jīng)濟(jì)補(bǔ)償和公民意愿兩大與生態(tài)相關(guān)的熱點(diǎn)給出探索性分析措施；最后,以三峽水庫(kù)作為算例,定量給出水庫(kù)下游河流生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)綜合評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果和各指標(biāo)相對(duì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)大小,以2003年生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果為例,從五個(gè)方面提出了調(diào)整建議,用參數(shù)模型計(jì)算了2003年～2012年生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)事件發(fā)生后的經(jīng)濟(jì)補(bǔ)償,為完善三峽水庫(kù)生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理制度提供參考。
[Abstract]:As the mainstay of hydropower energy construction, large reservoir projects can bring into play the comprehensive utilization benefits of flood control, power generation, water supply, ecological improvement and so on. At the same time, it will inevitably also have a certain impact on the ecological environment. In order to better reveal the relationship between the construction of reservoir and its operation and the surrounding ecological environment, the negative effects of ecological environment impact are reduced. In this paper, the ecological risk assessment methods and management measures of downstream rivers after reservoir construction are explored and studied. First of all, based on the method of RVA range of Variability Approach,), we try to transform the ecological risk sources of downstream rivers into the changes of hydrological situation after the construction of the reservoir, which is complex in structure and not fully understood by human beings. In order to avoid the shortcomings of traditional ecological risk assessment, such as the statistical work of massive and difficult to collect ecological data and poor operability, the key factors which can reflect the ecological environment changes in the lower reaches after the establishment of the reservoir are selected. The ecological risk assessment index system of the downstream rivers is established. Secondly, the risk index method and RVA method are used to quantify the ecosystem elasticity. In view of the fuzzy nature of ecological risk assessment and the degree of human understanding of ecological environment, the ecological risk is quantified into five relative grade standards, and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model of ecological risk of downstream rivers is constructed. This paper puts forward the corresponding ecological risk management measures combined with the actual research object, and also tries to give the exploratory analysis measures in view of the two major ecological hotspots of current economic compensation and citizen's will. Finally, taking the three Gorges Reservoir as an example, The comprehensive evaluation results of ecological risk and the relative risk of each index are given quantitatively. Taking the results of ecological risk assessment in 2003 as an example, the adjustment suggestions are put forward from five aspects. The economic compensation after the ecological risk event occurred from 2003 to 2012 is calculated by using the parameter model, which provides a reference for perfecting the ecological risk management system of the three Gorges Reservoir.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北電力大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TV697;X824

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