本文選題：上下雙丁壩 + 模型試驗　； 參考：《重慶交通大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：在航道整治建筑物中,丁壩以不同的壩體結構或者布置形式被廣泛利用到需要不同程度治理的航道中。對于山區(qū)河流應經(jīng)濟發(fā)展和河流穩(wěn)定性的要求,與單丁壩相比較,上下雙丁壩的布置形式能夠更好地發(fā)揮它的優(yōu)勢,有更好的整治效果。但是雙丁壩的回流呈現(xiàn)的三維紊動特性比單丁壩的紊動特性還要復雜,而且下丁壩的阻攔造成上下雙丁壩回流的泥沙淤積情況也更加嚴重,對河流形態(tài)和通航情況造成一定程度上的影響。所以對于山區(qū)河流上下雙丁壩回流區(qū)的水沙特性的研究對于整治山區(qū)河流的航道的穩(wěn)定性和通航條件都有十分重要的意義。本文以長江上游敘渝段航道建設工程為研究背景,以交通運輸部科技項目“長江上游航道整治建筑物水毀及監(jiān)測修復技術研究”為依托,在調查統(tǒng)計整治建筑物水毀情況的基礎上,有針對性地進行了上下雙丁壩清水定床試驗,對上下雙丁壩回流區(qū)的水沙特性進行了探索性的分析。本文在利用超聲多普勒流速儀(ADV)對物理模型的雙丁壩附近的三維流速進行測定,并根據(jù)所測的實驗數(shù)據(jù)得到紊動強度和水流紊動能。根據(jù)繪制得到的丁壩下游附近的平面流速圖分別劃分上下丁壩下游的流區(qū)范圍,得到上丁壩主流區(qū)和回流區(qū),以及下丁壩下游主流區(qū)和回流區(qū)。再將回流區(qū)從橫向上劃分為正流區(qū)和負流區(qū),沿縱向上把回流區(qū)分為增流區(qū)和減流區(qū)。并研究了不同壩間距和不同長壩組合因素對雙丁壩下游各流區(qū)劃分的影響:下丁壩的壩長的增加會導致上下雙丁壩回流區(qū)的范圍都增大,而且下丁壩下游的回流長度也會增大;壩間距的減小卻會致使下丁壩的回流區(qū)增大,而且下丁壩的回流長度也會增大。根據(jù)紊動速度、紊動強度以及水流紊動能在各流區(qū)的分布曲線圖,得到回流區(qū)的紊動強度整體上都比主流區(qū)的紊動強度要大,而且主要是縱向上的紊動強度在各流區(qū)的改變范圍是最廣的,根據(jù)縱向紊動強度的沿程變化,發(fā)現(xiàn)可以擬合得到各流區(qū)的相對縱向紊動強度沿程變化公式。在不考慮推移質的情況以及一定假設基礎之上,基于K方程,得到適用于下丁壩下游各流區(qū)的水流挾沙能力公式,反映水流挾沙力在時均速度的變化下的沿程改變,并分析了時均速度和沿程變化對雙丁壩下游回流區(qū)的沖淤影響。
[Abstract]:In waterway regulation buildings, spur dams are widely used in waterways with different dam structure or arrangement. The arrangement of upper and lower double spur dams can give better play to its advantages and have better remediation effect compared with single spur dams in accordance with the requirements of economic development and river stability of mountain rivers. However, the three dimensional turbulent characteristics of the return flow of double spur dams are more complicated than that of single spur dams, and the siltation of backflow of lower and lower spur dikes is more serious than that of single spur dams. To a certain extent, the river shape and navigation conditions are affected. So it is very important to study the characteristics of water and sediment in the backflow zone of the upper and lower groins of mountain rivers for regulating the channel stability and navigation conditions of mountain rivers. This paper takes the waterway construction project in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River as the research background, and relies on the scientific and technological project of the Ministry of Communications and Transport, "the Research on Waterway damage and Monitoring and Restoration of Waterway in the Upper reaches of the Yangtze River". On the basis of the investigation and statistics of the water damage situation of the renovated buildings, the water bed fixing test of the upper and lower double spur dams is carried out, and the characteristics of the water and sediment in the backflow zone of the upper and lower double spur dams are analyzed in an exploratory way. In this paper, the three-dimensional velocity near the double spur dam of the physical model is measured by using the ultrasonic Doppler velocimeter (ADV), and the turbulence intensity and the turbulent energy of the flow are obtained according to the measured experimental data. According to the plane velocity diagram of the lower reaches of the spur dike, the flow area of the lower and lower dikes is divided into the upper and lower dikes, and the upper and lower groyne flow regions are obtained as well as the lower groyne downstream and the lower groyne flows. The circumfluence zone is divided into positive flow region and negative flow zone laterally, and the reflux region is divided into increasing flow region and decreasing flow region along the longitudinal direction. The influence of different dam spacing and different combination of long dams on the division of the downstream flow zones of Shuang spur dam is studied. The increase of the dam length of the lower spur dike will result in the increase of the range of the return zone of the lower and lower groyne dams, and the return length of the downstream of the lower spur dike will also increase. The decrease of the spacing will increase the return zone and the length of the return in the lower spur dike. According to the distribution curves of turbulence velocity, turbulence intensity and turbulent energy in each flow region, the turbulence intensity in the reflux region is larger than that in the mainstream region. It is found that the relative longitudinal turbulence intensity variation formula can be obtained according to the variation of longitudinal turbulence intensity. Based on the K equation and without considering the bed load, the formula of sediment carrying capacity is obtained, which can reflect the variation of the sediment carrying capacity along the flow under the change of the time average velocity. The influence of the time average velocity and the variation along the course on the scour and deposition of the backflow zone in the lower reaches of the double spur dam is analyzed.
【學位授予單位】：重慶交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：U617.91

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