本文選題：高寒區(qū) + 引水式電站　； 參考：《石河子大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：在我國西北等高寒地區(qū)，冬季引水渠道防治冰害是引水式水電站必須要考慮的關(guān)鍵問題，每年因為冰害問題而產(chǎn)生巨大的經(jīng)濟損失和安全隱患。在現(xiàn)有的防治冰害措施中，抽水融冰是解決引水式電站冬季運行冰害的理想措施，利用水溫較高的地下水注入引水渠道，提高渠道水溫，防止水中冰花的產(chǎn)生，同時又增加了渠道流量用于發(fā)電。抽水融冰法防治渠道冰害已經(jīng)在我國西北等多個水電站實際應(yīng)用并取得良好的效果，但目前國內(nèi)外對于抽水融冰研究不多且多集中在原型試驗及理論介紹方面，相關(guān)模擬研究更是鮮有介紹。本文以新疆瑪納斯河紅山嘴電站冬季抽水融冰實際運行引水渠道為原型觀測對象，通過原型觀測和數(shù)值模擬的方法，研究抽水融冰關(guān)鍵影響因素和運行機理，為引水式電站冬季抽水融冰運行提供理論依據(jù)與技術(shù)支持，保障高寒區(qū)引水式電站能夠全冬季發(fā)電，對當?shù)鼐用裆鷳B(tài)環(huán)境、生活生產(chǎn)等方面均具有重要意義。 在抽水融冰應(yīng)用上取得良好效果的新疆紅山嘴電站引水渠道進行了原型觀測試驗，原型觀測結(jié)果表明抽水融冰效果良好。根據(jù)抽水融冰原型觀測試驗結(jié)果，給出了渠水與井水混合后的水溫變化過程以及水溫沿程變化規(guī)律：渠道溫度較低水流（0.1～0.2℃）與溫度較高井水（9.6～10.6℃）混合后，渠水溫度將保持在0.5～2.8℃，保證渠道水流不會形成冰花。 利用計算流體力學FLUENT軟件，首先，模擬了實測邊界條件下抽水融冰中渠道混合后水溫，，直觀形象的模擬出了抽水融冰整個過程，并將模擬結(jié)果與原型觀測結(jié)果進行了對比，結(jié)果表明：模擬結(jié)果基本與實測數(shù)據(jù)相符合，驗證了模型的正確性；其次，針對渠道流量和井水流量分別變化、渠道引水溫度和井水溫度分別變化情況下進行數(shù)值模擬，分析了各因素對渠道增溫效果影響，井水流量與水溫變化與渠道混合水溫成正比，井水流量越大、水溫越高，渠道增溫效果越明顯；渠道流量與渠道混合后水溫成反比，渠道流量越大的情況下，井水的增溫效果被稀釋，效果不明顯，渠道水溫與混合后水溫成正比，渠道水溫越低，混合后水溫則越低；最后，模擬了渠道引水溫度降低和井水流量變大兩個邊界條件同時變化下混合后水溫變化，結(jié)果表明：在渠水溫度降低時增加井水流量可以有效增高渠道水溫。本文所得到的抽水融冰數(shù)值模擬結(jié)果，結(jié)合實際工程運行情況，可以為制定出適合其它水電站的抽水融冰方案做參考，最終使水電站能夠以較經(jīng)濟前提下實現(xiàn)自動化方式解決冰害問題。
[Abstract]:In the high and cold regions of northwest China, the prevention and treatment of ice damage by water diversion channel in winter is the key problem that must be considered in the diversion hydropower stations. Because of the problem of ice damage, huge economic losses and hidden dangers to safety are caused every year. In the existing measures to prevent and cure ice damage, pumping and melting ice is an ideal measure to solve the ice damage in winter operation of diversion power station. The groundwater with high water temperature is injected into the canal channel to raise the channel water temperature and prevent the formation of ice flower in the water. At the same time, increased channel flow for power generation. The method of pumping water and melting ice has been applied in many hydropower stations in Northwest China and achieved good results. However, there are few researches on pumping and melting ice at home and abroad, and most of them are focused on prototype test and theoretical introduction. The related simulation research is seldom introduced. In this paper, the actual operation and diversion channel of pumping and thawing ice in winter of Manas River Hongshanzui Hydropower Station in Xinjiang is taken as the prototype observation object. By means of prototype observation and numerical simulation, the key influencing factors and operation mechanism of pumping and melting ice are studied. It provides the theoretical basis and technical support for the pumping and melting ice operation of the diversion power station in winter, and ensures that the diversion type power station in the high and cold region can generate electricity throughout the winter, which is of great significance to the ecological environment and daily production of the local residents. The prototype observation experiment of diversion channel of Hongshanzui Hydropower Station in Xinjiang has been carried out, which has achieved good results in the application of pumping and melting ice. The prototype observation results show that the effect of pumping and melting ice is good. Based on the experimental results of prototype observation of pumping and melting ice, the variation process of water temperature after mixing of canal water and well water and the variation law of water temperature along the course are given: the channel temperature is lower than 0.1 鈩

本文編號：1919569