本文選題：青藏高原隆升 + 河谷快速下切　； 參考：《吉林大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：自第四紀(jì)更新世以來,青藏高原發(fā)生間歇性快速隆升,怒江河谷隨之發(fā)生間歇性快速下切,形成了典型的怒江峽谷地貌。擬建的松塔水電站正位于怒江上游峽谷河段。黑云二長花崗巖是壩址區(qū)出露的主要巖性,在典型河谷高邊坡應(yīng)力場的作用下,其內(nèi)部形成大量的中緩傾坡外裂隙,對壩肩邊坡穩(wěn)定性極其不利。因此,有必要對松塔水電站壩址區(qū)的巖體結(jié)構(gòu)展開研究。基于“巖體結(jié)構(gòu)控制論”的思想,本文對河谷高邊坡的巖體結(jié)構(gòu)特征進(jìn)行了重點論述。以精細(xì)的結(jié)構(gòu)面描述和詳實的地質(zhì)資料為基礎(chǔ),總結(jié)了怒江松塔壩址區(qū)中緩傾坡外結(jié)構(gòu)面的空間組合模式,從怒江河谷間歇性快速下切過程中岸坡應(yīng)力場變化的角度初步闡述了中緩傾坡外結(jié)構(gòu)面的成因機制。由于谷坡裂隙巖體參數(shù)存在不確定性,重點對巖體參數(shù)的空間效應(yīng)與尺寸效應(yīng)進(jìn)行了研究。在消除造成巖體參數(shù)不確定性的原因后,對壩肩巖體質(zhì)量進(jìn)行了空間分區(qū),為工程確定合理的建基面提供了依據(jù)。通過以上系統(tǒng)的研究,主要得到以下結(jié)論:1.以詳實的結(jié)構(gòu)面調(diào)查資料為基礎(chǔ),從結(jié)構(gòu)面的工程地質(zhì)性狀以及意義出發(fā),對怒江松塔壩址區(qū)揭露的結(jié)構(gòu)面進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)的分級分類。并重點研究了中緩傾坡外結(jié)構(gòu)面的空間組合模式,其傾角總體上表現(xiàn)為“下緩上陡”、“外緩內(nèi)陡”的特征,其發(fā)育密度總體上表現(xiàn)為“外密內(nèi)疏”的特征。通過成因機制分析,認(rèn)為中緩傾坡外結(jié)構(gòu)面形成時的力學(xué)模式是由河谷下切過程中岸坡應(yīng)力集中與應(yīng)力調(diào)整造成的。受青藏高原間歇性快速隆升的影響,怒江河谷經(jīng)歷“快速下切→相對穩(wěn)定→快速下切→相對穩(wěn)定”的交替過程。正是該過程中產(chǎn)生的不同程度的應(yīng)力集中和不勻速的應(yīng)力調(diào)整,使岸坡中發(fā)育有裂隙相對密集帶和相對稀疏帶。2.巖體物理力學(xué)參數(shù)存在較強的空間效應(yīng),只有找出具有相似結(jié)構(gòu)巖體的邊界,才能對工程巖體建立合理的物理或數(shù)值模型。考慮到裂隙產(chǎn)狀和跡長大小是影響復(fù)雜裂隙巖體結(jié)構(gòu)特征的重要參數(shù),基于游程檢驗的方法,本文提出了一種考慮裂隙產(chǎn)狀與跡長的相似性來劃分巖體結(jié)構(gòu)統(tǒng)計均質(zhì)區(qū)的方法。最后,利用該方法對松塔水電站右岸壩肩巖體進(jìn)行了巖體結(jié)構(gòu)統(tǒng)計均質(zhì)區(qū)的劃分。3.在對右岸壩肩巖體中發(fā)育的裂隙進(jìn)行全面調(diào)查、精細(xì)描述的前提下,對位于各個統(tǒng)計均質(zhì)區(qū)域內(nèi)裂隙的張開度、粗糙度、地下水狀況、風(fēng)化與蝕變狀況進(jìn)行了統(tǒng)計與分析,獲得了裂隙狀態(tài)的空間發(fā)育特征:(1)右岸壩肩巖體中裂隙主要呈緊閉狀態(tài),但卸荷段巖體中緊閉型裂隙所占的比例小于卸荷調(diào)整段,而卸荷調(diào)整段巖體中緊閉型裂隙所占的比例小于原巖段;(2)卸荷段巖體中裂隙表面較平直,原巖段巖體中裂隙表面起伏較大,卸荷調(diào)整段巖體中裂隙表面形態(tài)介于兩者之間;(3)卸荷段巖體中裂隙地下水狀況以潮濕~浸水為主,原巖段巖體中裂隙地下水狀況以干燥為主,卸荷調(diào)整段巖體中裂隙地下水狀況介于兩者之間;(4)卸荷段巖體中裂隙的風(fēng)化與蝕變程度強于卸荷調(diào)整段,而卸荷調(diào)整段巖體中裂隙的風(fēng)化與蝕變程度強于原巖段。4.基于每個統(tǒng)計均質(zhì)區(qū)內(nèi)裂隙的發(fā)育規(guī)律,對各個均質(zhì)區(qū)巖體建立了三維裂隙網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型,并采用投影法計算了裂隙三維連通率。最后,獲得了中緩傾裂隙(底滑面)連通率的空間變化規(guī)律:(1)在水平深度(硐深)方向上,三維連通率的大小基本呈現(xiàn)出“外大內(nèi)小”的趨勢,取得最大連通率時對應(yīng)的最佳理想截面的傾角呈現(xiàn)出“外緩內(nèi)陡”的趨勢;(2)在不同高程上,最佳理想截面的傾角呈現(xiàn)出“下緩上陡”的趨勢。5.同一均質(zhì)區(qū)域內(nèi)巖體參數(shù)還存在著尺寸效應(yīng),只有確定表征單元體的大小,才能為工程巖體進(jìn)行宏觀力學(xué)計算提供合理參數(shù)�？紤]到裂隙三維連通率是由巖體中裂隙的多個幾何參數(shù)決定的用來反映巖體力學(xué)性質(zhì)的參數(shù),本文基于裂隙三維連通率的尺寸效應(yīng),提出了一種新的確定表征單元體尺寸的方法。最后,系統(tǒng)地研究了表征單元體尺寸與裂隙直徑、空間密度、產(chǎn)狀之間的關(guān)系,并首次建立了它們之間的函數(shù)關(guān)系。6.巖體質(zhì)量評價有助于選取合理的巖體力學(xué)參數(shù),在消除巖體參數(shù)的不確定性(空間效應(yīng)與尺寸效應(yīng))后,為充分考慮復(fù)雜巖體結(jié)構(gòu)的空間特征,將巖體結(jié)構(gòu)三維網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型中的多個空間指標(biāo)引入到巖體質(zhì)量評價中,建立了一種新的巖體質(zhì)量評價模型,并利用該方法對不同均質(zhì)區(qū)的巖體質(zhì)量空間分區(qū)進(jìn)行了研究。
[Abstract]:Since the Pleistocene in the Quaternary, the Qinghai Xizang Plateau has been intermittently rapid uplift, and the Nu River Valley has been intermittently cut down rapidly, and the typical Nu River Canyon landforms are formed. The proposed song Tak hydropower station is located in the canyon section of the upper reaches of Nu River. The black cloud two granite is the main lithology in the dam site, and the high slope stress field in the typical Valley As a result, it is necessary to study the rock mass structure of the dam site area of the pine tower hydropower station. Based on the theory of "rock mass structure control", this paper focuses on the rock mass structure characteristics of the high slope of the river valley. On the basis of descriptive and detailed geological data, the spatial combination pattern of the gently tilted slope in the Nu River tower dam site is summarized. From the angle of the change of the bank slope stress field during the intermittent rapid cutting process of the Nu River Valley, the formation mechanism of the medium slope outside the slope is preliminarily expounded. The space effect and size effect of rock mass parameters are studied. After eliminating the cause of the uncertainty of rock mass parameters, the spatial partition of the mass of the abutment rock mass is carried out, which provides the basis for the determination of the reasonable construction base. Through the study of the above system, the following conclusions are obtained: 1. the detailed data of structural surface investigation is given. Based on the engineering geological characteristics and significance of the structural plane, the structure surface of the Nu River pine tower dam site is classified and classified systematically, and the spatial combination pattern of the moderately gently tilting slope is mainly studied. The dip angle is characterized by the characteristics of "slow down and steep" and "gentle inside steepness", and its development density is generally on the table. Through the analysis of the genetic mechanism, it is believed that the mechanical model of the formation of the gentle slope outside the slope is caused by the stress concentration and stress adjustment of the bank slope during the valley cutting process. The Nu River Valley experienced the rapid downward cutting, relative stability, rapid downward cutting and phase, influenced by the intermittent rapid uplift of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. It is the alternation process of stability ". It is the different degree of stress concentration and uneven stress adjustment produced in this process, so that there is a strong spatial effect on the physical and mechanical parameters of.2. rock mass with relative dense zone and relative sparse zone in the bank slope. Only by finding the boundary of rock with similar structure can the rock mass be established. A reasonable physical or numerical model. Considering that the shape and length of cracks are important parameters affecting the structural characteristics of complex fractured rock mass, based on the method of range test, this paper presents a method for dividing the statistical homogeneous area of rock mass structure into consideration of the similarity of fracture and trace length. Finally, the method is used to the right of the tower of the pine tower hydropower station. The rock mass statistical homogeneous area of the abutment rock mass is divided into.3. to investigate the fracture in the right bank abutment rock mass. On the premise of fine description, the crack opening, roughness, groundwater condition, weathering and alteration conditions are analyzed and analyzed, and the fracture state is obtained. The characteristics of spatial development are as follows: (1) the fracture of the rock mass in the right bank abutment is mainly closed, but the proportion of the closed fracture in the rock mass is less than the unloading adjustment section, and the proportion of the closed fracture in the rock mass is less than that of the original rock. (2) the fracture surface in the unloading section is more straight, and the fracture surface in the rock mass is undulating. The fracture surface morphology of the rock mass in the unloading adjustment section is between the two. (3) the fractured groundwater situation in the rock mass of the unloading section is mainly moist ~ soaked, and the fractured groundwater situation in the rock mass is mainly dry, and the fractured groundwater in the rock mass of the unloading adjustment section is between the two; (4) the weathering and alteration of the fracture in the unloading section rock mass. The degree is stronger than the unloading adjustment section, and the weathering and alteration of the rock mass in the rock mass is stronger than that in the original rock section.4., which is based on the law of fracture development in each statistical homogeneous area. A three-dimensional fracture network model is established for the rock mass in each homogeneous area, and the three dimensional connectivity of the fracture is calculated by the projection method. Finally, the medium dip fracture (bottom) is obtained. The spatial variation of the connectivity rate is: (1) in the direction of the horizontal depth (depth), the size of the three-dimensional connectivity is basically the trend of "big inside and small outside", and the inclination of the best ideal cross section corresponding to the maximum connectivity shows a trend of "slow inside steepness"; (2) the inclination of the best ideal cross section appears at different heights. There is also a size effect in the rock mass parameters in the same homogeneous region. Only to determine the size of the characterization unit body can provide reasonable parameters for the macroscopic mechanical calculation of the engineering rock mass. Considering that the three-dimensional connectivity of the fracture is determined by several parameters of the fracture in the rock mass, it can be used to reflect the mechanical properties of the rock mass. In this paper, based on the size effect of the fracture three-dimensional connectivity, a new method for determining the size of the body is proposed. Finally, the relationship between the size of the body and the diameter of the fracture, the spatial density and the shape of the unit is systematically studied. The.6. rock mass evaluation is helpful for the first time. In order to eliminate the uncertainty of rock mass parameters (space effect and size effect), the mechanical parameters of rock mass are taken into consideration of the spatial characteristics of complex rock mass structure. A new rock mass quality evaluation model is established by introducing multiple spatial indexes in the 3D network model of rock mass structure, and a new rock mass quality evaluation model is established, and the method is used for the rock mass quality evaluation. The spatial partition of rock mass in different homogeneous areas is studied.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TV223

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