本文選題：SWAT模型服務(wù) + Web��； 參考：《蘭州大學(xué)》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：在環(huán)境建模領(lǐng)域,由于大多數(shù)地學(xué)模型算法復(fù)雜且參數(shù)眾多,研究人員需要花費(fèi)大量的時(shí)間精力學(xué)習(xí)如何使用模型及制備輸入數(shù)據(jù),而且這類模型通常只能在本地計(jì)算機(jī)上運(yùn)行,這就限制了模型的推廣應(yīng)用程度和與其它模型的互操作性。SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool)模型是地學(xué)模型最優(yōu)秀代表之一,于1994年由美國農(nóng)業(yè)部研發(fā)成功以來,在全球得到了廣泛應(yīng)用,成為水資源及生態(tài)環(huán)境領(lǐng)域科研與水文業(yè)務(wù)的重要工具。但是,目前在模型及其輸出數(shù)據(jù)的共享和互操作方面仍存在很大困難,解決該問題的關(guān)鍵是需要構(gòu)建一個(gè)基于Webservices的地理信息服務(wù)(Geographic Information Web Services, GISevrices)平臺(tái),進(jìn)而實(shí)現(xiàn)人-信息-計(jì)算工具協(xié)同工作的互動(dòng)環(huán)境。 Web services技術(shù)是將應(yīng)用程序通過標(biāo)準(zhǔn)接口以獨(dú)立組件的形式發(fā)布在Internet上,可以被網(wǎng)上的用戶調(diào)用及直接使用,也可以和其它服務(wù)進(jìn)行松散耦合和數(shù)據(jù)交換�；赪eb services發(fā)展的地理信息服務(wù)是對(duì)地理數(shù)據(jù)服務(wù)和地理處理服務(wù)的統(tǒng)稱,是提高地學(xué)領(lǐng)域數(shù)據(jù)共享程度、空間分析和地理處理互操作性的最有效途徑。目前地理信息服務(wù)的研究主要集中在數(shù)據(jù)服務(wù)和簡(jiǎn)單的空間分析服務(wù),對(duì)較復(fù)雜的地理處理服務(wù)和更復(fù)雜的環(huán)境建模服務(wù)的研究相對(duì)較少。地理信息服務(wù)在水文水資源領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用也主要集中在數(shù)據(jù)服務(wù)的發(fā)布、集成和處理,將地理信息服務(wù)提升到模型(如SWAT模型)層面是亟待解決的前沿問題。 針對(duì)以上問題,本文探析了基于GIServices的SWAT水文模型服務(wù)的實(shí)現(xiàn)機(jī)制,完成了將SWAT模型以Web services的方式在網(wǎng)上發(fā)布,支持跨平臺(tái)和異構(gòu)環(huán)境的調(diào)用和集成。為科研人員通過服務(wù)接口調(diào)用SWAT水文模型服務(wù)并直接進(jìn)行模擬處理,或者將其集成到用戶自己的模型中提供了有效途徑。 本文主要研究成果如下： (1)在深入研究Web services、地理信息服務(wù)、地理處理服務(wù)的理論背景和關(guān)鍵技術(shù)的基礎(chǔ)上,從水文模型服務(wù)的實(shí)現(xiàn)方法、服務(wù)鏈工作流模式、服務(wù)性能制約因素、事務(wù)模式和服務(wù)粒度設(shè)定等多個(gè)方面,研究和闡述了水文模型發(fā)布為地理信息服務(wù)的關(guān)鍵理論和技術(shù)問題,提出了基于GIServices的SWAT水文模型服務(wù)的實(shí)現(xiàn)機(jī)制,包括理論框架和技術(shù)框架兩部分,為實(shí)現(xiàn)SWAT模型的Web服務(wù)奠定了基礎(chǔ)。 (2)基于提出的SWAT水文模型服務(wù)的理論機(jī)制和技術(shù)框架,構(gòu)建了SWAT模型水文循環(huán)部分所有處理過程的Web服務(wù),即SWAT Web Services,可以廣泛應(yīng)用于在線SWAT水文模擬和基于SWAT模型服務(wù)的應(yīng)用程序創(chuàng)建。SWAT Web Services共包括10個(gè)自定義的服務(wù),分別是流域離散化、水文響應(yīng)單元(HRU)分析、氣象數(shù)據(jù)空間展布、積雪、土壤溫度、蒸散發(fā)、地表徑流、壤中流、地下徑流和土壤含水量服務(wù),各服務(wù)可以單獨(dú)調(diào)用,也可以進(jìn)行服務(wù)組合。 (3)基于發(fā)布的SWAT Web Services和地理信息服務(wù)開源軟件平臺(tái)開發(fā)了一個(gè)WebGIS原型系統(tǒng)——黑河干流山區(qū)水文信息服務(wù)及可視化系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)能夠通過調(diào)用SWAT模型服務(wù)實(shí)現(xiàn)SWAT模型的在線操作,并實(shí)現(xiàn)了二維、三維聯(lián)動(dòng)的水文模擬結(jié)果空間可視化、基于水文響應(yīng)單元和水文站點(diǎn)的逐日水文信息時(shí)空查詢功能、空間數(shù)據(jù)查詢和空間分析等功能。 綜上所述,基于Web services的地理信息服務(wù)為提高SWAT模型的互操作性和深層集成提供了有效的技術(shù)支持。SWAT水文模型服務(wù)可將原來在本地計(jì)算機(jī)運(yùn)行的水文模型通過標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的服務(wù)接口在網(wǎng)上發(fā)布,大大提高了SWAT模型及其模擬結(jié)果的可訪問性、互操作性和應(yīng)用范圍。此外,由SWAT水文模型服務(wù)研發(fā)的原型系統(tǒng)(黑河干流山區(qū)水文信息服務(wù)及可視化系統(tǒng))中二維、三維聯(lián)動(dòng)的地學(xué)可視化功能,可有助于加深對(duì)水文過程的理解,便于多尺度時(shí)空查詢及下載應(yīng)用。總之,本文構(gòu)建的SWAT水文模型服務(wù)有望成為模型層面服務(wù)的新范式。
[Abstract]:In the field of environmental modeling, because most of the geoscience models are complex and with a large number of parameters, it is necessary for researchers to spend a lot of time to learn how to use the model and to prepare the input data, and this kind of model can only run on the local computer. This restricts the extension of the model and the interoperation with other models. The.SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model is one of the best representative of the geoscience model. Since it was successfully developed by the United States Department of agriculture in 1994, it has been widely used all over the world. It has become an important tool for scientific research and hydrology business in the field of water resources and ecological environment. However, the model and its output data are shared and interoperable at present. There are still great difficulties. The key to solving the problem is to build a Geographic Information Web Services (GISevrices) platform based on Webservices, and then to realize the interactive environment of human information computing tools in collaboration.
Web services technology is a technology that releases applications through standard interfaces in the form of independent components on Internet, can be invoked and directly used by users on the Internet, and can also be loosely coupled and data exchange with other services. Geographic information services based on Web services are the integration of geographic data services and geographic processing services. It is the most effective way to improve the degree of data sharing in the field of Geoscience, the interoperability of spatial analysis and geographic processing. The current research on geographic information services is mainly focused on data services and simple spatial analysis services, and the research on more complex geo processing services and more complex environmental modeling services is relatively less. The application in the field of hydrology and water resources is also mainly focused on the release of data services, integration and processing, and the promotion of geographic information services to the model (such as SWAT model) is an urgent problem to be solved.
In view of the above problems, this paper probes into the implementation mechanism of SWAT hydrological model service based on GIServices, and has completed the release of SWAT model in the way of Web services, and supports the call and integration of cross platform and heterogeneous environment, and calls the SWAT water text model service for the researchers through the service interface and simulates it directly. It is an effective way to integrate it into the user's own model.
The main research results in this paper are as follows:
(1) on the basis of the in-depth study of the theoretical background and key technology of Web services, geographic information service and geographic processing service, the hydrological model is published as the geographic information from several aspects, such as the implementation of the hydrological model service, the service chain workflow model, the service performance constraints, the transaction model and the service granularity setting. The key theory and technical problems of service are presented, and the implementation mechanism of SWAT hydrological model service based on GIServices is proposed, including the two parts of the theoretical framework and the technical framework, which lays the foundation for the implementation of the Web service of the SWAT model.
(2) based on the proposed theoretical mechanism and technical framework of SWAT hydrological model service, a Web service for all processing processes of the SWAT model hydrologic cycle is constructed, that is, SWAT Web Services, which can be widely used in online SWAT hydrological simulation and SWAT model based applications to create.SWAT Web Services, including 10 custom services. They are watershed discretization, hydrological response unit (HRU) analysis, spatial distribution of meteorological data, snow, soil temperature, evapotranspiration, surface runoff, soil flow, underground runoff and soil water content services, and services can be called separately, and service combinations can also be carried out.
(3) based on the published SWAT Web Services and the open source software platform of geographic information service, a WebGIS prototype system, the hydrological information service and visualization system of the Heihe main stream mountain area, is developed. The system can realize the online operation of the SWAT model by calling the SWAT model service, and the two dimensional and three-dimensional linkage hydrological simulation results are realized empty. Inter visualization, based on hydrological response unit and hydrological station daily hydrological information query function, spatial data query and spatial analysis functions.
To sum up, the geographic information service based on Web services provides an effective technical support for improving the interoperability and deep integration of the SWAT model. The hydrological model service of the.SWAT can be published online through the standard service interface, which is originally running on the local computer, greatly improving the SWAT model and its simulation results. Accessibility, interoperability and application scope. In addition, the prototype system, developed by the SWAT hydrological model service (the hydrological information service and visualization system of the Heihe main stream mountain hydrology and visualization system), can help to deepen the understanding of the hydrology process and facilitate the multi-scale spatio-temporal query and downloading applications. The SWAT hydrological model service is expected to become a new paradigm for model level services.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：P334.92

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