本文選題：徑流污染 + 初期雨水　； 參考：《湖南大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：降雨對(duì)城市地表的沖刷效應(yīng)使初期雨水中攜帶了大量的污染物,其直接排放將對(duì)水體產(chǎn)生沖擊性的污染。借鑒發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的治理經(jīng)驗(yàn),特別是城市景觀水體作為雨水排水的受納水體時(shí),修建初期雨水截留池并對(duì)截留的雨水進(jìn)行處理是治理城市雨水徑流污染的有效途徑之一。截留池設(shè)計(jì)的關(guān)鍵在于獲知初期徑流雨水水量。初期雨水作為徑流雨水的一部分,它的匯流也遵循等流時(shí)線原理,即同時(shí)降落在地面的雨水流到集流點(diǎn)的時(shí)間有前后差異。將一場(chǎng)降雨分為前后兩場(chǎng)降雨,前期的初期降雨和后期的潔凈降雨分別繼承了這場(chǎng)降雨的部分規(guī)律性,將初期降雨形成的徑流視為初期雨水。在降雨量達(dá)到一定深度后,初期降雨突然停止的同時(shí)潔凈降雨開始,此時(shí)初期雨水繼續(xù)完成匯流。將理論上集流點(diǎn)的雨水徑流量和初期雨水徑流量隨時(shí)間變化的關(guān)系反映為曲線圖,即可得出徑流雨水和初期雨水的匯流模型。本研究以長(zhǎng)沙市某住宅小區(qū)為對(duì)象,對(duì)其在降雨時(shí)的降雨過(guò)程、徑流過(guò)程和水質(zhì)變化過(guò)程進(jìn)行監(jiān)測(cè),并將徑流過(guò)程和水質(zhì)變化過(guò)程進(jìn)行分段擬合。本文認(rèn)為雨水徑流中污染物濃度逐漸減小的情況是管道中初期雨水與潔凈雨水混合的結(jié)果,用混合比例可以將初期雨水徑流量從雨水徑流量中分離出來(lái),從而在擬合的雨水徑流過(guò)程線內(nèi)運(yùn)用圖解法繪制出初期雨水徑流的過(guò)程線,并確定初期徑流雨水水量。本研究監(jiān)測(cè)的三場(chǎng)降雨的初期徑流雨水水量分別為1.17mm、1.22mm和1.09mm�？紤]一定的寬裕度,建議長(zhǎng)沙市住宅小區(qū)初期徑流雨水水量的設(shè)計(jì)值為1.5mm。在獲知了初期徑流雨水水量設(shè)計(jì)值的基礎(chǔ)上,本研究提出一種運(yùn)用匯流模型計(jì)算初期雨水截留池容積的動(dòng)態(tài)計(jì)算方法。其設(shè)計(jì)原則是在保證一定截留池利用率的前提下,盡可能提高初期雨水收集率。這種計(jì)算方法的意義在于其考慮了雨水匯流的實(shí)際過(guò)程,是一種動(dòng)態(tài)的計(jì)算方法,比現(xiàn)有的依照降雨量乘以面積的靜態(tài)計(jì)算方法有更強(qiáng)的理論基礎(chǔ),也更為準(zhǔn)確。
[Abstract]:The erosion effect of rainfall on the urban surface makes Rain Water carry a large amount of pollutants in the early stage, and its direct discharge will produce impact pollution on the water body. To learn from the management experience of developed countries, especially when the urban landscape water is used as the receiving water for Rain Water's drainage, it is one of the effective ways to control the runoff pollution of the city Rain Water to build up the initial UNOMI_person1# interception pond and to deal with the retained Rain Water. The key to the design of the interception pool is to know the initial runoff quantity of Rain Water. Rain Water, as a part of the runoff Rain Water, followed the principle of isochronous time line, that is, the time before and after Rain Water which landed on the ground at the same time arrived at the gathering point. One rainfall is divided into two rainfall, the initial rainfall and the clean rainfall inherit some regularity of the rainfall, and the runoff formed by the initial rainfall is regarded as the initial Rain Water. After the rainfall reached a certain depth, the initial rain stopped suddenly and the clean rain began. At this time, Rain Water continued to finish the confluence. By reflecting the relationship between Rain Water runoff and initial Rain Water runoff in theory as a curve, the confluence model of the runoff Rain Water and the initial Rain Water can be obtained. In this study, a residential district in Changsha City was used to monitor the rainfall process, runoff process and water quality change process, and to fit the runoff process and water quality change process. In this paper, we think that the decreasing concentration of pollutants in Rain Water runoff is the result of the mixing of Rain Water in the initial stage of the pipeline and the clean Rain Water. Thus, the process line of the initial stage Rain Water runoff was drawn by using the graphic method in the fitted Rain Water runoff process line, and the water quantity of the initial runoff Rain Water was determined. The initial runoff of the three rainfall monitored in this study was 1.17mm ~ 1.22mm and 1.09mm respectively. Considering a certain margin, it is suggested that the design value of runoff Rain Water water quantity in the residential district of Changsha is 1.5mm. On the basis of knowing the design value of initial runoff Rain Water, a dynamic calculation method for calculating the volume of the initial UNOMI_person1# intercepting pond by using the confluence model is presented. The design principle is to improve Rain Water collection rate at the initial stage on the premise of certain utilization ratio of interception pool. The significance of this method is that it takes into account the actual process of Rain Water's confluence and is a dynamic calculation method which has a stronger theoretical basis and is more accurate than the existing static calculation method based on rainfall times area.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TU992;TV213.9

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