本文選題：三峽水庫 + 水動(dòng)力��； 參考：《華東師范大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：于2012年8月至2013年7月,對(duì)三峽庫區(qū)三條支流(草堂河、梅溪河、朱衣河)的水動(dòng)力特征、營養(yǎng)鹽、水溫、濁度、葉綠素等參數(shù)進(jìn)行為期一年的逐月觀測。分析了支流河口水體分層的特征,定量估算了進(jìn)出水體的流量大小,結(jié)合營養(yǎng)鹽分布特征,探討支流河口水動(dòng)力特征對(duì)庫區(qū)干支流營養(yǎng)鹽交換、循環(huán)的影響。結(jié)果表明： (1)庫區(qū)支流河口存在河口環(huán)流及水體分層現(xiàn)象,主要有上下分層、左右分層、多層倒灌等形式。低水位運(yùn)行期河口水交換強(qiáng)烈,河口環(huán)流較強(qiáng)。進(jìn)出支流河口水體的流速季節(jié)性變化較大,在5、6、7月流速大于其他月份。草堂河倒灌水體全年平均流速為0.083m/s,流出水體全年平均流速為0.095m/s；梅溪河倒灌水體全年平均流速為0.079m/s,流出水體全年平均流速也為0.079m/s；朱衣河倒灌水體全年平均流速為0.072m/s,流出水體全年平均流速為0.07m/s。三條支流的倒灌水體年平均流量分別為：草堂河730.55m3/s,梅溪河428.62m3/s,朱衣河426.75m3/s。高水位運(yùn)行期河口進(jìn)出流量較大。 (2)庫區(qū)干流表層的營養(yǎng)鹽濃度較高,其中DIN全年平均約為129.3Ｌmol/L,DSi全年平均約為119.5pmol/L,DIP全年平均約為3.42μmol/L。季節(jié)變化明顯,尤其是磷酸鹽,其濃度變化與三峽水位變化趨勢一致。支流河口的營養(yǎng)鹽濃度與長江干流表層水體的濃度接近,變化趨勢也與長江干流表層水相似。其中DIN和磷酸鹽的變化表現(xiàn)為：蓄水期和高水位運(yùn)行期濃度低(DIN大約95-115μmol/L,磷酸鹽大約0.4-2μmol/L),泄水期和低水位運(yùn)行期濃度高(DIN大約135-175μmol/L,磷酸鹽大約5-6μmol/L)。而硅酸鹽濃度變化正好相反(蓄水期和高水位運(yùn)行期濃度120-150μmol/L,泄水期和低水位運(yùn)行期濃度90-100μmol/L)。草堂河、梅溪河、朱衣河的營養(yǎng)鹽組成特征與長江干流相似,與源頭水體差別較大。 (3)支流河口至上游水體中的營養(yǎng)鹽濃度季節(jié)變化明顯。蓄水期,水溫(23-24℃)表底分層,濁度(20-40NTU)由河口支流上游呈梯度遞減,梅溪河葉綠素a濃度高(5-6μg/L),草堂河、朱衣河葉綠素a濃度低(0.4-1μg/L);高水位運(yùn)行期,水溫較低(16-18℃),水體清澈(3-6NTU),三條支流中營養(yǎng)鹽濃度表底分布均勻,不出現(xiàn)分層,且都與長江干流水體濃度接近。其中DIN濃度約為110μmol/L,磷酸鹽濃度約為2.6μmol/L,硅酸鹽濃度約為135μmol/L。葉綠素a濃度低(小于1μg/L)；泄水期,草堂河、梅溪河、朱衣河水體中葉綠素a濃度是蓄水期和高水位運(yùn)行期的3-6倍,表層濃度最高可達(dá)6μg/L。水體中的DIN、磷酸鹽、硅酸鹽濃度表底分層明顯,DIN和磷酸鹽濃度比高水位運(yùn)行期均有增大,硅酸鹽則顯著降低(下降40μmol/L左右)。且磷酸鹽為全年最高值(約為5-6μmol/L),硅酸鹽為全年最低值(約為80-90μmol/L);低水位運(yùn)行期,草堂河、梅溪河、朱衣河水體中葉綠素a濃度達(dá)到全年最高值(約為9-12μg/L)。水體比較渾濁(約為40NTU)。DIN和硅酸鹽濃度均顯著增大,磷酸鹽濃度顯著減小 (4)低水位運(yùn)行期和蓄水期河口的水體交換能力強(qiáng),泄水期和高水位運(yùn)行期河口的水體交換能力弱。支流河口的營養(yǎng)鹽混合比較均勻,不會(huì)隨著水體的進(jìn)出而出現(xiàn)明顯的分層現(xiàn)象。盡管支流河口進(jìn)出的流量比較大,營養(yǎng)鹽的交換相對(duì)較強(qiáng),但是單位時(shí)間內(nèi)真正進(jìn)入庫灣的營養(yǎng)鹽比較少。支流庫灣水體中的營養(yǎng)鹽是長江水體持續(xù)不斷地輸入交換,再慢慢累積的結(jié)果。
[Abstract]:From August 2012 to July 2013, the hydrodynamic characteristics, nutrient salt, water temperature, turbidity, chlorophyll and other parameters of the three tributaries of the Three Gorges Reservoir area were observed for one year. The characteristics of the water stratification in the tributary estuary were analyzed. The quantity of the flow in the water body was estimated and the distribution characteristics of the nutrients were combined. The effects of hydrodynamic characteristics of tributaries on nutrient exchange and cycling in dry tributaries of the reservoir area are discussed.
(1) there are estuarine circulation and water stratification in the estuarine estuary of the reservoir area, mainly in the form of upper and lower stratification, left and right stratification, multi-layer inversion and so on. The river mouth water exchange is strong during the low water level operation and the estuary circulation is strong. The flow velocity of the water in the inlet and outlet estuary is more seasonal, and the flow velocity of the 5,6,7 month is greater than that of the other months. The average velocity of flow is 0.083m/s, the average flow velocity of the effluent water is 0.095m/s, the average flow velocity of the inverted water body of the Meishan river is 0.079m/s and the annual average velocity of the effluent water is 0.079m/s, and the average flow velocity of the inverted water body is 0.072m/s, and the annual average flow velocity of the effluent water body is the annual average flow rate of the three tributaries of 0.07m/s.. They are: thatched River 730.55m3/s, Mexi River 428.62m3/s, Zhu Yi River 426.75m3/s. high water level operation period, estuary inlet and outlet volume is larger.
(2) the nutrient concentration in the surface layer of the reservoir area is high, in which the average of DIN is about 129.3Lmol/L, the average of DSi is about 119.5pmol/L in the year, the average of DIP is about 3.42 mu mol/L. in the year, especially phosphate, the concentration change is in accordance with the change trend of the Three Gorges water level. The change of concentration is similar to that of the surface water of the Yangtze River. The changes of DIN and phosphate are characterized by the low concentration of water storage and high water level (DIN about 95-115 mu mol/L, phosphate about 0.4-2 mol/L), the high concentration of the discharge period and low water level (about 135-175 Mu mol/L, and about 5-6 micron mol/L of phosphate). The concentration change is exactly the opposite (the concentration of the water storage period and the high water level is 120-150 u mol/L, the discharge period and the low water level in the running period are 90-100 mu). The characteristics of the nutrient composition of the Meishan River, the Meishan River and the Zhu Yi River are similar to those of the Yangtze River, which are different from the source water.
(3) the seasonal variation of nutrient concentration in the river estuary to the upper reaches is obvious. The water temperature (23-24 degrees) is stratified at the bottom of the water storage period, and the turbidity (20-40NTU) decreases gradually from the upstream of the estuary branch. The concentration of chlorophyll a in the Meishan river is high (5-6 u g/L), the concentration of chlorophyll a in the Meishan River and the Zhu Yi River is low (0.4-1 mu g/L); the water temperature is low (16-18 degrees C) at the high water level. 3-6NTU, the concentration of nutrient concentration in the three tributaries is evenly distributed, and there is no stratification, and it is close to the water concentration in the Yangtze River. The concentration of DIN is about 110 mu mol/L, the concentration of phosphate is about 2.6 mu mol/L, the concentration of silicate is about 135 mu mol/L. and the concentration of chlorophyll a is low (less than 1 mu g/L). The concentration of chlorophyll a in the body is 3-6 times that of the water storage period and the high water level. The highest surface concentration can be up to DIN in 6 Mu water body. Phosphate, silicate concentration is obviously stratified at the bottom of the table. The concentration of DIN and phosphate is higher than the high water level, and the silicate is significantly reduced (down to about 40 mu). And phosphate is the highest value of the year (about 5-6). Mol/L), silicate is the lowest value of the year (about 80-90 mu mol/L), and the concentration of chlorophyll a in the water body of the Meishan River, Meishan River and Jishan river reaches the highest value of the year (about 9-12 mu g/L) in the low water level operation period. The water body is more turbidity (about 40NTU).DIN and silicate concentration, and the phosphate concentration is significantly reduced.
(4) the water exchange capacity of the estuaries at the low water level and the water storage period is strong, and the water exchange ability of the estuaries in the discharge period and the high water level is weak. The mixing of the nutrients in the tributary estuary is even more uniform, and it will not appear obvious stratification with the flow of water. Although the flow rate of the tributary estuary is relatively large, the exchange of nutrients is relatively strong. But the nutrient salts in the bay of the Bay are relatively small in unit time. The nutrients in the water body of the tributary Bay are the result of the continuous input and exchange of the Yangtze River water body and the accumulation of the water in the Yangtze River.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TV14;X143

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 廖平安,胡秀琳;流速對(duì)藻類生長影響的試驗(yàn)研究[J];北京水利;2005年02期

2 王海云;三峽水庫蓄水對(duì)香溪河水環(huán)境的影響及對(duì)策研究[J];長江流域資源與環(huán)境;2005年02期

3 羅專溪,張遠(yuǎn),鄭丙輝,富國,陸兆華;三峽水庫蓄水初期水生態(tài)環(huán)境特征分析[J];長江流域資源與環(huán)境;2005年06期

4 張遠(yuǎn);鄭丙輝;劉鴻亮;;三峽水庫蓄水后的浮游植物特征變化及影響因素[J];長江流域資源與環(huán)境;2006年02期

5 邱光勝;胡圣;葉丹;袁琳;臧小平;;三峽庫區(qū)支流富營養(yǎng)化及水華現(xiàn)狀研究[J];長江流域資源與環(huán)境;2011年03期

6 宋林旭;劉德富;肖尚斌;;三峽庫區(qū)香溪河流域非點(diǎn)源營養(yǎng)鹽輸出變化的試驗(yàn)研究[J];長江流域資源與環(huán)境;2011年08期

7 徐開欽,林誠二,牧秀明,村上正吾,徐保華,渡邊正孝;長江干流主要營養(yǎng)鹽含量的變化特征——1998~1999年日中合作調(diào)查結(jié)果分析[J];地理學(xué)報(bào);2004年01期

8 陳勇;段辛斌;劉紹平;劉明典;王珂;陳大慶;;三峽水庫三期蓄水后浮游植物群落結(jié)構(gòu)特征初步研究[J];淡水漁業(yè);2009年01期

9 金章東;李英;王蘇民;;不同構(gòu)造帶硅酸鹽化學(xué)風(fēng)化率的制約:氣候還是構(gòu)造?[J];地質(zhì)論評(píng);2005年06期

10 趙章元;王正榮;負(fù)根潮;;蘑菇湖水庫富營養(yǎng)化發(fā)生機(jī)制和治理途徑的探討[J];湖泊科學(xué);1992年04期

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 冉祥濱;三峽水庫營養(yǎng)鹽分布特征與滯留效應(yīng)研究[D];中國海洋大學(xué);2009年

，

本文編號(hào)：1852498