本文選題：黃河口 + 調(diào)水調(diào)沙�。� 參考：《華東師范大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：黃河水利委員會自2002年開始實施黃河調(diào)水調(diào)沙工程,至今已開展了15次調(diào)水調(diào)沙實驗。調(diào)水調(diào)沙通過聯(lián)合調(diào)度水庫,對黃河來水來沙進(jìn)行調(diào)節(jié)和控制,調(diào)整自然水沙入海過程,沖刷河槽、從而減輕下游河槽淤積的目的。調(diào)水調(diào)沙期間入海水沙量約占全年入海水沙量的三分之一,入海水沙量短期內(nèi)的集聚入海必定會對黃河口及其濱海區(qū)沉積動力產(chǎn)生巨大影響。因此,研究調(diào)水調(diào)沙前后黃河口濱海區(qū)沉積物分布特征、水動力特征、泥沙輸移和沉積過程以及濱海區(qū)岸灘演變規(guī)律,對把握新形勢下河口近期演變規(guī)律和發(fā)展趨向具有重要意義。 本文基于2000年和2007年黃河口濱海區(qū)表層沉積物資料、黃河調(diào)水調(diào)沙期間及調(diào)水調(diào)沙后河口區(qū)域水文泥沙資料,分析黃河口濱海區(qū)表層沉積物沉積特征、懸沙輸運對黃河調(diào)水調(diào)沙的響應(yīng)過程,并結(jié)合黃河調(diào)水調(diào)沙前后河口濱海區(qū)水下地形測深資料分析了該區(qū)域水下地形演變特征,探討河口濱海區(qū)水下地形演變特征對黃河調(diào)水調(diào)沙的響應(yīng)過程及其機(jī)制,研究結(jié)果表明： 黃河口濱海區(qū)表層沉積物類型主要由粘土質(zhì)粉砂、砂質(zhì)粉砂組成,總體較細(xì)。黃河調(diào)水調(diào)沙后,河口濱海區(qū)表層沉積物類型中粘土質(zhì)粉砂含量上升5.9%,而砂質(zhì)粉砂含量下降了12.4%,泥沙呈細(xì)化特征；現(xiàn)行河口和老河口外表層沉積物均由粘土質(zhì)粉砂變?yōu)樯百|(zhì)粉砂。黃河口濱海區(qū)表層沉積物中值粒徑和平均粒徑均呈變細(xì)特征,分選性變好,偏度值與峰態(tài)值均變小。這與黃河調(diào)水調(diào)沙后入海泥沙的不斷補(bǔ)給息息相關(guān),粗顆粒泥沙堆積在現(xiàn)行河口攔門沙附近、老河口附近不斷遭受侵蝕致使現(xiàn)行河口和老河口外均出現(xiàn)平均粒徑峰值中心,表層沉積物平均粒徑的變化直接導(dǎo)致現(xiàn)行河口和老河口外沉積物分選性變好。 黃河調(diào)水調(diào)沙期間,徑流攜大量泥沙入海改變了黃河口的水動力條件及泥沙輸運過程。黃河調(diào)水調(diào)沙期間,入海主流快速擺動,主流擺動海域漲落潮流得到了明顯增強(qiáng),河口南北兩側(cè)海域的流速主要受地形制約。主流向外擴(kuò)散途中被海水摻混成沖淡水,沖淡水沿海岸呈扇面分布。此外,黃河低流量期間,河口漲、落潮懸沙濃度均小于調(diào)水調(diào)沙期間。調(diào)水調(diào)沙期間,主流擺動海域的懸沙濃度遠(yuǎn)高于南北兩側(cè)海域。主流擺動海域的落潮平均懸沙濃度均比漲潮時高3倍左右,表明調(diào)水調(diào)沙期間,泥沙多隨徑流懸浮入海。黃河調(diào)水調(diào)沙期間泥沙通過上層沖淡水向外海擴(kuò)散,受潮流切變鋒影響,入海泥沙快速沉積。落潮切變鋒對快速沉積的作用顯著,而漲潮切變鋒對快速沉積作用較小,但促進(jìn)了懸沙向萊州灣南部傳輸,河口海域以淤積為主。一個潮周期內(nèi),南側(cè)海域淤積達(dá)15.4mm,而北側(cè)海域淤積僅為4.2mm。黃河低流量期間,泥沙未發(fā)生快速沉積。 黃河改道清8漢道入海以來河口濱海區(qū)沖淤演變特征分為3個時期為：黃河改道初期(1997-1999年)、黃河調(diào)水調(diào)沙適應(yīng)期(1999-2003年)和黃河調(diào)水調(diào)沙穩(wěn)定期(2003年-)。(1)黃河改道初期,河口北側(cè)海域各斷面形態(tài)未發(fā)生明顯變化,呈沖刷特征,沖刷厚度在lm左右；現(xiàn)行河口海域各斷面呈淤積特征,淤積主要集中在l0m等深線以內(nèi),淤積厚度超過3m的區(qū)域在現(xiàn)行河口外呈偏南分布；老河口海域各斷面呈沖刷特征。(2)黃河調(diào)水調(diào)沙適應(yīng)期,現(xiàn)行河口沖淤態(tài)勢以淤積為主,淤積區(qū)域大幅減小,河口北側(cè)海域及老河口水下岸坡普遍沖刷。(3)黃河調(diào)水調(diào)沙穩(wěn)定期,入海水沙大幅增加致使河口濱海區(qū)整體呈淤積之勢,泥沙隨落潮流羽狀擴(kuò)散致使淤積區(qū)域基本包含了整個黃河口濱海區(qū),僅老河口外出現(xiàn)沖刷區(qū)域。
[Abstract]:Since 2002, the the Yellow River Water Conservancy Commission began to implement the the Yellow River water regulation and sediment transfer project, and 15 experiments have been carried out to regulate and control the water and sediment of the reservoir through the joint dispatching of the reservoir. The water and sediment of the Yellow River are adjusted and controlled, the natural water and sand are adjusted to the sea and the river trough is washed, thus reducing the silt of the downstream river trough. The amount of water and sediment accounts for about 1/3 of the amount of water and sand in the sea in the whole year. The accumulation of water and sand into the sea in the short term will have a great influence on the sedimentary dynamics of the Yellow River Estuary and its coastal area. The law is of great significance to grasp the recent evolution and development trend of estuaries in the new situation.
Based on the surface sediment data of the coastal area of the Huanghe River Estuary in 2000 and 2007, the hydrological and sediment data of the estuarine area after the water diversion and sediment transfer in the Yellow River and the water diversion and sediment transfer are analyzed. The sediment characteristics of the surface sediments in the coastal area of the yellow River estuary are analyzed, and the response process of the suspended sediment transport to the water diversion and sediment transfer in the Yellow River is carried out, and the underwater sediment of the estuarine coastal area before and after the water diversion and sediment transfer in the Yellow River is combined. The characteristics of underwater terrain evolution in this area are analyzed by the topographic sounding data, and the response process and mechanism of the Underwater Topography Evolution Characteristics of the estuarine coastal area to the Yellow River water regulation and sediment regulation are discussed.
The surface sediment types in the coastal area of the Yellow River estuary are mainly composed of clay silt and sandy silt. After water diversion and sand regulation in the Yellow River, the content of clay silt in the surface sediments of the estuarine coastal area rises by 5.9%, while the content of sand silt decreases by 12.4%, and the sediment is refined. The current estuarine and the old estuary surface sediments are all from the estuarine. The median grain diameter and average particle size of the surface sediments in the coastal area of the Yellow River estuary are fine, and the separation property is fine and the deviation value and the peak value are all smaller. This is closely related to the continuous recharge of the sediment in the sea after the Yellow River water regulation and sediment regulation, and the coarse sediment is accumulated near the current estuaries, and the old estuary is not near the estuary. The average particle size peak center appears in the current estuaries and the old estuaries. The change of the average particle size of the surface sediments directly leads to the better sediment separation of the current estuaries and the old estuaries.
During the period of water diversion and sediment transfer in the Yellow River, the runoff and sediment transport into the sea changed the hydrodynamic conditions and sediment transport process in the Yellow River Estuary. During the period of water diversion and sediment transfer in the Yellow River, the mainstream of the sea was rapidly swinging, and the flow and flow trend in the mainstream swinging sea area was obviously enhanced. The flow velocity in the sea area between the north and south sides of the estuary was mainly restricted by the topography. In addition, during the low flow of the Yellow River, the estuary rises, and the concentration of the suspended sediment is less than that during water regulation. The concentration of suspended sediment in the main wobble sea area is much higher than that in the north and South waters during the period of water adjustment and sand regulation. During the period of water diversion and sediment transfer in the Ming Dynasty, the sediment was suspended in the sea with runoff. During the period of water diversion and sediment transfer in the Yellow River, the sediment spread through the upper layer of fresh water to the outer sea, affected by the shear front of the tidal current, and the sediment in the sea was deposited rapidly. The effect of the ebb shear front on rapid deposition was remarkable, while the shear front of the tide was smaller, but it promoted the suspended sediment to the southern part of the Laizhou Bay. In the estuarine area, silt is mainly deposited in the estuarine area. In a tidal cycle, the siltation of the southern sea area reaches 15.4mm, while the siltation in the North Sea area is only 4.2mm. the Yellow River low flow period, and the sediment has not been deposited rapidly.
The characteristics of the evolution of the erosion and siltation in the estuarine coastal area of the 8 Han Dynasty in the Yellow River since the reform of the Qing Dynasty are divided into 3 periods: the early period of the diversion of the Yellow River (1997-1999 years), the adjustment period of the adjustment of water and sediment in the Yellow River and the stabilization period of the water diversion and sediment transfer in the Yellow River (2003 -). (1) the morphology of the sections of the northern side of the estuary has not changed obviously, and the characteristics of the erosion are scouring. The thickness of the scour is about LM; the current estuarine cross sections are silt up and the siltation is mainly concentrated in the l0m contour line. The area of the silt is more than 3m in the south of the current estuary; the sections of the old estuary are scoured. (2) the current estuarine adjustment period in the Yellow River, the current estuarine scouring and silting situation is dominated by siltation, and the siltation area is the main area. The northern side of the estuary and the estuary of the estuary are generally washed down. (3) the stable period of water diversion and sediment regulation in the Yellow River, a large increase in water and sediment in the sea, resulting in siltation in the coastal area of the estuary.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TV148

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