本文選題：水位下降 + 有限元法　； 參考：《石河子大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：在水工建筑物中，土石壩是最常見的一種，它具有對(duì)地質(zhì)條件要求低、造價(jià)低、結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，施工管理也比較方便等的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，因此較常采用。在我國(guó)，過去已建成很多土石壩，從事土石壩方面研究的人也逐漸增多。在土石壩的研究中，其安全是最重要的，而對(duì)土石壩安全的最大威脅則是滲流導(dǎo)致的破壞，所以土石壩的滲流應(yīng)該引起社會(huì)的關(guān)注。由此，滲流的研究和控制是土石壩研究中的一個(gè)重要的課題，直接影響到土石壩的安全和造價(jià)。查閱國(guó)內(nèi)外有關(guān)土石壩的資料發(fā)現(xiàn)，許多壩坡破壞和潰決的土石壩過程，多數(shù)是由滲流控制方面的不足引發(fā)的。 我國(guó)在過去50年代到70年代修建的中小型水庫(kù)中，土石壩占了很大一部分比例，由于當(dāng)時(shí)的經(jīng)濟(jì)和技術(shù)條件都非常有限，許多土石壩都是在邊勘測(cè)、邊設(shè)計(jì)和邊動(dòng)工的情況下竣工的。經(jīng)過很多年的沖刷、腐蝕，這些水庫(kù)已經(jīng)屬于“病險(xiǎn)水庫(kù)”，所以對(duì)這些水庫(kù)重新評(píng)估、綜合評(píng)估以及除險(xiǎn)加固是當(dāng)務(wù)之急。 對(duì)土石壩過程的滲流分析是非常必要的，同時(shí)對(duì)在滲流作用下土石壩的邊坡穩(wěn)定性分析都是必不可少的，本篇論文采用了加拿大中仿科技公司的GEO-STUDIO軟件中的SEEP/W與SLOPE/W模塊分別對(duì)大壩體內(nèi)的非穩(wěn)定滲流分析和穩(wěn)定滲流情況下的邊坡穩(wěn)定進(jìn)行分析。 由于前人對(duì)水位下降時(shí)，壩坡穩(wěn)定的變化規(guī)律研究不深，尤其是定量研究，所以本文針對(duì)此問題進(jìn)行了研究，通過分析在庫(kù)水位降落時(shí)，，土石壩的失穩(wěn)破壞案例，總結(jié)分析了土石壩的破壞機(jī)理，同時(shí)簡(jiǎn)單介紹了有關(guān)水位下降時(shí)，土石壩的邊坡穩(wěn)定的研究方法和一些研究進(jìn)展。 本文假設(shè)庫(kù)水位瞬間下降，建立了模型，利用有限元法對(duì)土石壩壩坡穩(wěn)定進(jìn)行了數(shù)值模擬分析，同時(shí)定量研究了壩坡穩(wěn)定的各個(gè)影響因素。結(jié)果顯示：壩坡安全系數(shù)K與壩體材料摩擦角φ成線性相關(guān)關(guān)系，同時(shí)也與水位下降幅度ΔH和壩坡坡率m成線性相關(guān)關(guān)系。根據(jù)上述幾個(gè)因素各自對(duì)安全系數(shù)K的影響特點(diǎn)，計(jì)算分析并通過公式擬合，得到壩體材料摩擦角φ、水位降落幅度ΔH、壩坡坡率m各因素與壩坡穩(wěn)定系數(shù)K的函數(shù)關(guān)系。 本文通過工程實(shí)例建立實(shí)例模型，利用數(shù)值模擬的有限元方法，分析研究土石壩壩體內(nèi)的滲流場(chǎng)，分別研究了滲透系數(shù)、水位下降速度和庫(kù)水位的下降幅度三個(gè)因素對(duì)滲流場(chǎng)的影響規(guī)律，得出水位下降容易形成指向上游的逆向滲流，對(duì)上游壩坡的穩(wěn)定及其不利的結(jié)論，同時(shí)滲透系數(shù)、水位下降速度和庫(kù)水位的下降幅度三個(gè)因素都影響著土石壩上游壩坡的滲流逸出點(diǎn)位置，同時(shí)也影響著逸出點(diǎn)滲透坡降與浸潤(rùn)線位置的變化。
[Abstract]:Among hydraulic structures, earth-rock dam is the most common one. It has the advantages of low requirements for geological conditions, low cost, simple structure and convenient construction management, so it is often used. In China, many earth-rock dams have been built in the past, and the number of people engaged in earth-rock dams is increasing gradually. In the research of earth-rock dam, its safety is the most important, and the biggest threat to the safety of earth-rock dam is the damage caused by seepage, so the seepage of earth-rock dam should be paid attention to by the society. Therefore, the research and control of seepage flow is an important subject in earth-rock dam research, which directly affects the safety and cost of earth-rock dam. According to the data of earth-rock dams at home and abroad, it is found that most of the processes of dam failure and collapse are caused by the lack of seepage control. In the past 50's to 70's, the earth-rock dam accounted for a large proportion of the small and medium-sized reservoirs built in our country. Because of the very limited economic and technical conditions at that time, many earth-rock dams were being surveyed on the side. Completed with design and construction. After many years of erosion and corrosion, these reservoirs are already "dangerous reservoirs", so it is urgent to re-evaluate, synthesize and reinforce these reservoirs. The seepage analysis of earth-rock dam is very necessary, and it is necessary to analyze the slope stability of earth-rock dam under seepage. In this paper, the SEEP/W and SLOPE/W modules of GEO-STUDIO software of Canadian Zhongshi Science and Technology Company are used to analyze the unsteady seepage in the dam and the slope stability under the condition of steady seepage respectively. Because the previous researches on the stability of dam slope are not deep, especially the quantitative study, this paper studies this problem, and analyzes the failure cases of earth-rock dam when the water level is falling. In this paper, the failure mechanism of earth-rock dam is summarized and analyzed. At the same time, the research methods and some research progress on slope stability of earth-rock dam when the water level drops are briefly introduced. In this paper, the model is established on the assumption that the reservoir water level drops instantly, and the stability of earth-rock dam slope is numerically simulated and analyzed by using finite element method. At the same time, the factors influencing the stability of embankment slope are quantitatively studied. The results show that the safety factor K of dam slope is linearly correlated with friction angle 蠁 of dam body material, and it is also linearly correlated with the drop of water level 螖 H and slope ratio m. According to the influence characteristics of the above factors on the safety factor K, the functional relations between the friction angle of dam material 蠁, the fall amplitude of water level 螖 H, the slope ratio m and the stability factor K of dam slope are obtained by calculating and analyzing and fitting by formula. In this paper, an example model is established through an engineering example, and the seepage field in earth-rock dam body is analyzed by using the finite element method of numerical simulation, and the permeability coefficient is studied respectively. The effect of three factors on the seepage field is obtained. It is concluded that the descending water level is easy to form the reverse seepage to the upstream, to the stability and disadvantage of the upstream dam slope, and at the same time to the permeability coefficient. There are three factors which affect the location of seepage escape point of upstream dam slope of earth-rock dam and the change of seepage slope and infiltration line.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：石河子大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TV641.22

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