本文選題：底流消能 + 尾部結(jié)構(gòu)　； 參考：《河北工程大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：消能設(shè)計(jì)是水工建筑物設(shè)計(jì)重要工作之一,良好的消能設(shè)施通過消減消力池內(nèi)水流的動(dòng)能,一方面防止下游河床受到?jīng)_刷,另一方面還能保護(hù)水工建筑物的穩(wěn)定安全。平原地區(qū)的水閘等泄水建筑物,河床及岸坡抗沖刷能力較弱,這些水閘消能方式往往都采用底流式消能,消力池結(jié)構(gòu)多為向下挖深式,通過斜坡段與水平底板相連接。而此種消力池的運(yùn)行過程中,一般產(chǎn)生折坡水躍或者順坡水躍,合理控制水躍長度和水躍消能效率是該類工程設(shè)計(jì)工作的重中之重。近年來,許多建于上世紀(jì)七、八十年代的泄水建筑物逐漸顯露出各種問題,核心問題主要在消能結(jié)構(gòu)上,消力池結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)的核心主要是斜坡連接段、底板深度、消力池長度等,而這些結(jié)構(gòu)的計(jì)算經(jīng)驗(yàn)已經(jīng)足夠成熟。除此之外,消力池尾部結(jié)構(gòu)、內(nèi)部輔助消能工等對水流形態(tài)、紊動(dòng)強(qiáng)度、沖淤效果具有重要的影響,因此,本文以消能效率和沖砂能力為目標(biāo),開展消力池尾部結(jié)構(gòu)對消能特性及泥沙淤積影響的試驗(yàn)研究,具有一定的理論及實(shí)用價(jià)值。消力池的消能效果及泥沙沖淤受多重因素的影響,正交試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)(Orthogonal experimental design)是研究多因素多水平的一種設(shè)計(jì)方法,它是根據(jù)正交性從全面試驗(yàn)中挑選出部分有代表性的點(diǎn)進(jìn)行試驗(yàn),這些有代表性的點(diǎn)具備了"均勻分散,齊整可比"的特點(diǎn),正交試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)是分析因式設(shè)計(jì)的主要方法,是一種高效率、快速、經(jīng)濟(jì)的實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)方法。本文基于國內(nèi)外學(xué)者對消力池水力特性及消能試驗(yàn)研究的基礎(chǔ),通過理論分析,確定了研究重點(diǎn)為尾坎結(jié)構(gòu)變化對消力池的消能和沖砂效果的影響,以正交試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)方法,通過建立水工消力池模型,在不改變消力池整體結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸的基礎(chǔ)上,反復(fù)調(diào)整尾檻坡度以及尾檻折坡位置,同時(shí),將流量作為一個(gè)因素參與到正交設(shè)計(jì)中,以消能率和沖砂率為試驗(yàn)指標(biāo),確定正交表L9(34)。試驗(yàn)完成后,將數(shù)據(jù)整理到正交表內(nèi),經(jīng)過正交試驗(yàn)極差分析和方差分析兩種方法,最終得出流量、尾檻坡度、尾檻折坡位置三個(gè)因素對于消能率和沖砂率的影響趨勢和影響程度大小。經(jīng)分析得出結(jié)論:當(dāng)流量越小、尾檻折坡點(diǎn)位置離尾檻越近、尾檻坡度越小時(shí),消能率越大;流量越大、尾坎坡度越大、尾坎折坡位置距離尾坎越遠(yuǎn)時(shí),消力池內(nèi)淤積泥沙越少,排沙率越高。
[Abstract]:Energy dissipation design is one of the most important tasks in the design of hydraulic structures. By reducing the kinetic energy of the flow in the stilling pool, a good energy dissipation facility can prevent the downstream riverbed from being scoured, on the other hand, it can protect the stability and safety of the hydraulic structures. The floodgates in plain area have the weak scour resistance of the sluice and the river bed and bank slope. The energy dissipation methods of these sluices often adopt the bottom flow energy dissipation. The structure of the stilling pool is mostly the type of deep digging down, which is connected with the horizontal bottom plate through the slope section. In the operation process of this kind of stilling pool, the hydraulic jump is usually produced, and the reasonable control of the length of hydraulic jump and the efficiency of water jump energy dissipation are the most important in the design work of this kind of engineering. In recent years, many drainage structures built in the 1970s and 1980s have gradually revealed various problems. The core problems are mainly energy dissipation structures. The core of the design of the stilling pool structure is the slope connection section, the depth of the bottom plate, the length of the stilling pool, and so on. The calculation experience of these structures is mature enough. In addition, the tail structure of the stilling pool and the internal auxiliary energy dissipator have important effects on the flow pattern, turbulence intensity and scour and siltation effect. Therefore, the energy dissipation efficiency and the sand washing ability are the objectives of this paper. It is of great theoretical and practical value to study the effect of the tail structure of the stilling tank on the energy dissipation characteristics and sediment deposition. The energy dissipation effect of the stilling tank and the sediment scouring and silting are affected by many factors. Orthogonal experimental design is a design method to study the multi-factor and multi-level. It selects some representative points from the overall test according to the orthogonality. These representative points have the characteristics of "uniform dispersion, uniform comparison". Orthogonal test design is the main method of factor design, and it is a high efficiency, fast and economical experimental design method. In this paper, based on the theoretical analysis of the hydrodynamic characteristics and energy dissipation test of the stilling pool, the emphasis of the research is the influence of the structural change of the tail bar on the energy dissipation and sand washing effect of the stilling pool. The orthogonal experimental design method is used in this paper. Through the establishment of hydraulic stilling pool model and without changing the overall structure size of stilling pool, the slope of tail-sill and the position of tail-sill slope are adjusted repeatedly, and the flow rate is taken as a factor to participate in the orthogonal design. Taking the energy dissipation rate and sand washing rate as the test index, the orthogonal table L _ (9) ~ (34) was determined. After the completion of the experiment, the data are arranged into the orthogonal table, and the flow rate and the slope of the tail-sill are obtained by means of the orthogonal test range analysis and the analysis of variance. The influence of three factors on the energy dissipation rate and the sand scouring rate is analyzed. It is concluded that when the flow rate is smaller, the position of the slope point is closer to the end sill, the smaller the slope of the tail-sill, the greater the energy dissipation rate, and the greater the flow rate, the greater the slope of the tail-ridge, the farther the position of the caudal slope is from the tail-sill. The less silt in the stilling pool, the higher the sediment discharge rate.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北工程大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TV653

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