本文選題：水庫 + 底泥��； 參考：《清華大學(xué)》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：攔河筑壩的水庫化進(jìn)程顯著改變了天然河流的輸運(yùn)狀態(tài),水庫蓄水后大量外源碳隨著徑流攜帶物的沉積儲存在水庫內(nèi);另一方面,新形成的水域環(huán)境有利于水生植被的生長,內(nèi)源碳隨著植物的死亡沉積在水庫底部。在全球碳收支計(jì)算失衡的背景下,水庫底泥作為重要的碳積蓄場所,可以解釋大氣中一部分“遺失碳”的去向。本文以我國華北地區(qū)北京市周邊和東南沿海地區(qū)福州市周邊的11座典型水庫為研究對象,通過野外調(diào)查和實(shí)驗(yàn)測量,分析了各水庫底泥中碳的組成、分布、來源和儲量,并針對水庫區(qū)別于其它淡水生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的碳沉積特性進(jìn)行了研究。取得了如下主要成果:我國華北地區(qū)水庫底泥的碳累積率為270 g/(m2?a),其中有機(jī)碳所占比例為57%,無機(jī)碳為43%;東南地區(qū)水庫底泥的碳累積率為160 g/(m2?a),其中有機(jī)碳所占比例為44%,無機(jī)碳為56%,水庫底泥中無機(jī)碳的儲量和有機(jī)碳大體相當(dāng)。同時,結(jié)合我國水庫的淤積情況,初步估算我國水庫底泥的儲碳總量為36.6億噸,并且該值每年還在以1.5億噸的速率增加。通過對不同地區(qū)、不同地貌、不同功能水庫底泥碳沉積特點(diǎn)的分析,建立了流域土壤碳與底泥外源碳、水庫沉積因子與底泥沉積率、水生植被因子與底泥內(nèi)源碳含量的相關(guān)關(guān)系,進(jìn)而提出預(yù)測水庫底泥碳儲量的方法。在本研究各水庫進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證的結(jié)果表明,該預(yù)測方法可以較準(zhǔn)確的預(yù)測水庫底泥的碳儲量。利用穩(wěn)定同位素技術(shù)對底泥中有機(jī)質(zhì)的來源進(jìn)行了定性分析和定量計(jì)算,結(jié)果表明,外源對水庫底泥有機(jī)質(zhì)的貢獻(xiàn)總體上大于內(nèi)源,且所處區(qū)域溫度高的水庫,外源因素的主導(dǎo)作用更大。同時,水庫底泥中有機(jī)質(zhì)的來源組成與一般的天然湖泊和河流均有所區(qū)別。針對水庫攔蓄作用和人工水位管理的特點(diǎn)、以及水土流失和富營養(yǎng)化問題的研究表明,水庫的碳沉積有區(qū)別于其它淡水生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的特性。水庫攔蓄作用對底泥碳沉積的影響表現(xiàn)在外源碳的攔截和內(nèi)源碳的積蓄兩個方面;水庫水位人工管理方式的差異會對底泥中有機(jī)碳的分布和來源組成產(chǎn)生影響;流域水土流失導(dǎo)致大量外源碳匯入水庫,且主要沉積在河口的三角洲區(qū)域,而水體的富營養(yǎng)化顯著增加了水庫底泥中內(nèi)源碳的沉積。
[Abstract]:The reservoir process of blocking and damming has significantly changed the transport state of natural rivers. A large amount of exogenous carbon is stored in the reservoir with the sediment of runoff carriers after reservoir storage. On the other hand, the newly formed water environment is conducive to the growth of aquatic vegetation. Endogenous carbon deposits at the bottom of the reservoir with plant death. Under the background of global carbon budget imbalance, reservoir sediment, as an important place for carbon storage, can explain the fate of some "carbon loss" in the atmosphere. Taking 11 typical reservoirs around Beijing and Fuzhou in the southeast coastal area of China as the research object, the composition, distribution, source and reserves of carbon in the sediment of each reservoir are analyzed by field investigation and experimental survey. The characteristics of carbon deposition of reservoirs different from other freshwater ecosystems are also studied. The main results are as follows: the carbon accumulation rate of reservoir sediment in North China is 270 g / m ~ 2 ~ (2) A ~ (-1), of which organic carbon is 57 and inorganic carbon is 433.The carbon accumulation rate of reservoir sediment in southeast China is 160 g / m ~ (2) ~ (2) a ~ (-1), of which organic carbon is a proportion of 70 g / m ~ (2) a ~ (-1). The inorganic carbon is 56 and the storage of inorganic carbon in reservoir sediment is about the same as that of organic carbon. At the same time, combined with the accumulation of reservoirs in China, it is estimated that the total amount of carbon storage in the reservoir sediment is 3.66 billion tons, and the value is increasing at the rate of 150 million tons per year. Based on the analysis of the characteristics of sediment carbon deposition in different regions, different landforms and different function reservoirs, the soil carbon and external carbon, reservoir sedimentation factors and sediment sedimentation rate of the basin are established. The correlation between the factors of aquatic vegetation and the content of endogenous carbon in sediment is discussed, and the method of predicting the carbon storage in reservoir sediment is put forward. The results of this study show that the prediction method can accurately predict the carbon reserves of the reservoir sediment. The source of organic matter in sediment is qualitatively analyzed and quantitatively calculated by using stable isotope technique. The results show that the contribution of exogenous source to organic matter of sediment is generally greater than that of endogenous reservoir, and the source of organic matter is located in a reservoir with high regional temperature. The dominant role of exogenous factors is greater. At the same time, the source composition of organic matter in reservoir sediment is different from that of natural lakes and rivers. According to the characteristics of reservoir impoundment and artificial water level management, as well as soil erosion and eutrophication, it is shown that the carbon deposition of reservoir is different from that of other freshwater ecosystems. The influence of reservoir impoundment on sediment carbon deposition is manifested in two aspects: the interception of external carbon and the accumulation of endogenous carbon, the difference of artificial management mode of reservoir water level will affect the distribution and source composition of organic carbon in sediment. Water and soil erosion in the basin results in the accumulation of a large amount of exogenous carbon into the reservoir and is mainly deposited in the delta region of the estuary. The eutrophication of the water body significantly increases the deposition of endogenous carbon in the reservoir sediment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：清華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：X143;TV145

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本文編號：1834817