本文選題：水資源 + 水文�。� 參考：《黑龍江大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：水環(huán)境分析評(píng)價(jià)是按照一定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和評(píng)價(jià)方法來(lái)評(píng)估水環(huán)境的質(zhì)量,分析水環(huán)境質(zhì)量發(fā)展趨勢(shì),評(píng)價(jià)人類(lèi)活動(dòng)對(duì)水環(huán)境質(zhì)量的影響。水資源是一切生物賴(lài)以生存、工農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)不可替代的基礎(chǔ)性自然資源,同時(shí)更是經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和生態(tài)環(huán)境改善的戰(zhàn)略性經(jīng)濟(jì)資源。 近年來(lái),隨著社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展生產(chǎn)生活的用水量和污染物排放量而不斷增加,使得水體環(huán)境承載能力嚴(yán)重不足。由水資源的匱乏和水環(huán)境受到污染不斷加重所構(gòu)成的水資源危機(jī),已成為制約經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的重要因素之一。本文是在搜集與整理伊春地區(qū)各類(lèi)水環(huán)境監(jiān)測(cè)站點(diǎn)水質(zhì)數(shù)據(jù)的基礎(chǔ)上,評(píng)價(jià)該地區(qū)水環(huán)境質(zhì)量,分析地表水體的納污能力水平,以水功能區(qū)保護(hù)要求和水質(zhì)目標(biāo)為核心,按照水體自?xún)粢?guī)律核定不同水功能區(qū)納污能力；以水域納污能力作為約束條件,結(jié)合伊春地區(qū)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展布局、污染治理水平及相關(guān)法律法規(guī)要求,分析提出水功能區(qū)限制入河排污總量。(1)伊春地區(qū)湯旺河、呼蘭河、伊春河等主要河流水環(huán)境質(zhì)量不理想,達(dá)到地表水環(huán)境質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Ⅲ類(lèi)水質(zhì)河段分僅占到17.4%；廢污水排放還維持在一個(gè)較高的水平,年廢污水排放量6944.0萬(wàn)t,主要水污染物COD年排放量為13735.0t,氨氮年排放量為1251.0t。(2)系統(tǒng)地進(jìn)行了水文參數(shù)率定,提出了一般功能區(qū)75%保證率的枯水期平均流量的設(shè)計(jì)水量、設(shè)計(jì)流速；(3)對(duì)水環(huán)境比較敏感的化學(xué)需氧量和氨氮的綜合衰減系數(shù)進(jìn)行了合理分析和檢驗(yàn),給出了設(shè)計(jì)水文條件下水功能區(qū)段的K值,本地區(qū)各河流化學(xué)需氧量K值在0.110-0.312之問(wèn),氨氮K值在0.110-0.352之間。(4)以水域納能力一維計(jì)算模式為基礎(chǔ),計(jì)算水功能區(qū)納污能力,經(jīng)分析伊春地區(qū)COD納污能力為4372.6t/a,氨氮納污能力為307.0 t/a。(5)以水功能區(qū)保護(hù)目標(biāo)和污染物排放水平,提出分階段實(shí)施的污染物入河控制量建議指標(biāo)。
[Abstract]:The analysis and evaluation of water environment is to evaluate the quality of water environment according to certain criteria and evaluation methods, to analyze the development trend of water environment quality, and to evaluate the influence of human activities on water environment quality. Water resources are the basic natural resources for the survival of all living things and the irreplaceable production of industry and agriculture as well as the strategic economic resources for economic development and improvement of ecological environment. In recent years, with the rapid development of society and economy, the water consumption and pollutant discharge are increasing, which makes the carrying capacity of water environment seriously insufficient. The crisis of water resources caused by the shortage of water resources and the increasing pollution of water environment has become one of the important factors restricting the sustainable development of economy and society. On the basis of collecting and collating the water quality data of various water environment monitoring stations in Yichun area, this paper evaluates the water environment quality in this area, analyzes the surface water body's ability to absorb pollution, and takes the protection requirement and water quality target of the water function area as the core. According to the law of self-purification of water body, the capacity of different water function areas to absorb pollution is determined, and the capacity of water body to absorb pollution is taken as the constraint condition, and combined with the layout of social and economic development in Yichun area, the level of pollution control and the requirements of relevant laws and regulations, It is pointed out that the water environment quality of the main rivers in Yichun area, such as Tangwang River, Hulan River and Yichun River, is not ideal. The reach of Class III water quality reaches the standard of surface water environmental quality, and only 17.4% of the river reaches the level of water quality, and the waste water discharge is maintained at a relatively high level. The annual discharge of waste water is 69.44 million t, the annual discharge of main water pollutant COD is 13735.0 t, and the annual discharge of ammonia nitrogen is 1251.0 t.f.) the hydrological parameter rate is determined systematically, and the design water quantity of average discharge in dry season with 75% guarantee rate of general function area is put forward. The water environment sensitive chemical oxygen demand (COD) and the comprehensive attenuation coefficient of ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N) were reasonably analyzed and tested, and the K value of the designed hydrological condition was given. The K value of the rivers in this area was 0.110-0.312. The K value of ammonia nitrogen is between 0.110-0.352 and 0.10 ~ 0.352) based on the one-dimensional calculation model of water capacity, the capacity of water function area is calculated. The results show that the capacity of COD in Yichun area is 4372.6 t / a, and the capacity of ammonia nitrogen is 307.0 t / a) to protect the target and discharge level of pollutants in water function area. This paper puts forward the suggested index of the control amount of pollutants entering the river in stages.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：黑龍江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TV213.4

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 薛雪娟;遼寧省水功能區(qū)劃研究[D];河海大學(xué);2006年

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本文編號(hào)：1812547