本文選題：底流消能 + 漸擴(kuò)折坡消力池��； 參考：《長(zhǎng)江科學(xué)院》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：經(jīng)由建筑物下泄的水流往往具有較高的流速,對(duì)下游河床具有明顯的破壞能力。消能防沖是泄水建筑物,尤其是高水頭、大流量泄水建筑物設(shè)計(jì)要解決的主要問(wèn)題。常用的消能方式可按高速主流的位置與狀態(tài)分為底流水躍消能、挑流消能、面流消能等幾類,由于底流消能消能效果十分顯著,適用于高、中、低水頭各類泄水建筑物和各種地基條件,作為一種基本的消能型式,在我國(guó)獲得了廣泛應(yīng)用。消力池的型式一般可分為平底式和斜坡式兩大類,可根據(jù)地形、地質(zhì)和水力條件,通過(guò)技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)綜合比較選定。漸擴(kuò)折坡消力池能較好的適應(yīng)工程實(shí)際需要,漸擴(kuò)體型和折坡水躍使得此類消力池消能效果良好,并能適應(yīng)下游水位變化。與常規(guī)的矩形消力池相比,具有消能效果良好、保護(hù)下游邊坡、縮短消力池長(zhǎng)度等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。在實(shí)際工程中,漸擴(kuò)折坡消力池已有了較為廣泛的應(yīng)用,如布倫口水電站、喜河水電站等,而對(duì)漸擴(kuò)折坡消力池水躍公式的理論研究較少。本文以實(shí)際工程為研究對(duì)象,通過(guò)水工模型試驗(yàn),對(duì)不同工況下該型消力池的水躍流態(tài),及躍長(zhǎng),躍后水深等水躍特征進(jìn)行了研究。首先,就物理模型試驗(yàn)結(jié)果結(jié)合已有經(jīng)驗(yàn)公式,分析對(duì)比了在相同來(lái)流條件下,等寬平底型,等寬折坡型,漸擴(kuò)折坡型消力池的計(jì)算躍后共軛水深。其次,在物理模型試驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,采用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)κ-ε紊流模型結(jié)合VOF多相流模型,建立了消力池段的三維數(shù)值模型,對(duì)擴(kuò)散折坡水躍的水躍特征參數(shù)及流速分布等進(jìn)行了研究。數(shù)值模擬計(jì)算結(jié)果所得的水躍位置,躍后水深,旋滾長(zhǎng)度值等與物理模型試驗(yàn)結(jié)果有較好的一致性。在此基礎(chǔ)上,通過(guò)數(shù)值模擬研究比較了漸擴(kuò)段擴(kuò)散角度對(duì)消力池水力特性的影響。
[Abstract]:The flow through the building often has high velocity of flow, which has obvious damage ability to the downstream riverbed. Energy dissipation and anti-scour are the main problems to be solved in the design of draining structures, especially those with high water head and large discharge. According to the position and state of high speed mainstream energy dissipation, the commonly used energy dissipation methods can be divided into following categories: bottom flow jump energy dissipation, jet flow energy dissipation, surface flow energy dissipation, etc. Due to the effect of bottom flow energy dissipation is very remarkable, it is suitable for high, medium, etc. As a basic type of energy dissipation, low-head structures and various foundation conditions have been widely used in China. The type of stilling pool can be divided into two types: flat bottom type and slope type, which can be selected according to the topography, geology and hydraulic conditions through the comprehensive comparison of technology and economy. The gradual expansion slope stilling pool can better meet the practical needs of engineering. The gradual expansion and slope hydraulic jump make the energy dissipation effect of this kind of stilling pool good and adapt to the change of downstream water level. Compared with the conventional rectangular stilling pool, it has the advantages of good energy dissipation effect, protecting the downstream slope and shortening the length of the stilling pool. In the practical engineering, the gradually expanding slope stilling pool has been widely used, such as Brancou Hydropower Station, Xihe Hydropower Station and so on, but the theoretical research on the hydrodynamic jump formula of the gradually expanding slope stilling pool is less. Taking the actual engineering as the research object, the hydraulic jump characteristics of this type of stilling tank under different working conditions, such as jump length, water depth and so on, are studied by hydraulic model test. Firstly, based on the results of physical model tests and empirical formulas, the conjugate water depth of equal-width flat-bottom type, equal-width break slope type and involute slope type stilling pool is analyzed and compared under the same conditions. Secondly, based on the physical model test, the standard 魏-蔚 turbulence model combined with the VOF multiphase flow model is used to establish the three-dimensional numerical model of the stilling pool, and the characteristic parameters and velocity distribution of the hydraulic jump are studied. The results obtained from the numerical simulation are in good agreement with the physical model test results, such as the position of the jump, the depth of the water after the jump and the value of the rolling length. On this basis, the influence of diffusion angle on hydrodynamic characteristics of stilling tank is compared by numerical simulation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長(zhǎng)江科學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：TV653;TV135.2

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