發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-23 18:48

  本文選題：河床形態(tài) + 泥沙補(bǔ)給��； 參考：《工程科學(xué)與技術(shù)》2017年05期

【摘要】：山區(qū)流域暴雨山洪、滑坡、泥石流等災(zāi)害頻發(fā),大量泥沙以不同方式進(jìn)入河道,河床形態(tài)在極短時(shí)間內(nèi)迅速調(diào)整。在寬窄相間河段水流輸沙能力差異較大,展寬段常因挾沙能力的降低而淤高河床,致使水位陡增,引發(fā)洪水災(zāi)害。為探討山區(qū)河流寬窄相間河段與泥沙補(bǔ)給變化下的水位變化致災(zāi)機(jī)理,以室內(nèi)物理模型系列試驗(yàn)結(jié)果為依據(jù),分析不同流量定床清水時(shí)河床形態(tài)參數(shù)與各水力參數(shù)的變化關(guān)系,以及泥沙補(bǔ)給變化對(duì)河床形態(tài)及水流參數(shù)的影響。試驗(yàn)表明:上游泥沙補(bǔ)給量及河床形態(tài)是影響水流流態(tài)、水位變化的重要因素;定床清水條件下,河寬與比降的局部急劇調(diào)整影響水流參數(shù)變化,水流對(duì)河床變化的響應(yīng)具有滯后性;當(dāng)上游有泥沙補(bǔ)給時(shí),水深變化較清水來流明顯;隨著來沙量的增大,大量泥沙淤堵河道且呈現(xiàn)溯源淤積的趨勢(shì),并淤高河床;在淤積段頂端,水流發(fā)生水躍現(xiàn)象,水位陡增,甚至出現(xiàn)漫灘致災(zāi)。由此可見,上游來沙及水流挾沙能力的降低將引起河床不同程度的落淤,造成河床形態(tài)改變,特別是在寬窄相間河段泥沙易落淤,水位增幅較大,為洪災(zāi)泛濫區(qū),應(yīng)作為水沙災(zāi)害的重點(diǎn)防治區(qū)域。
[Abstract]:Torrential torrential rain landslide debris flow and other disasters occur frequently in mountain basin. A large amount of sediment enters the river channel in different ways and the river bed shape is adjusted rapidly in a very short time. There is a great difference in sediment transport capacity between wide and narrow reach. The widening section often silts up the river bed because of the decrease of sediment carrying capacity, which results in a sudden increase of water level and causes flood disaster. In order to probe into the mechanism of water level change in mountainous rivers under the change of sediment supply and width, the variation relationship between river bed shape parameters and hydraulic parameters is analyzed according to the results of laboratory physical model series tests. And the influence of sediment recharge on the river bed shape and flow parameters. The results show that the upstream sediment supply and the river bed form are the important factors affecting the water flow and water level change, and the local sharp adjustment of the river width and specific drop affects the variation of the flow parameters under the condition of fixed bed clear water. The response of water flow to river bed change is lag; when there is sediment recharge upstream, the change of water depth is more obvious than that of clear water flow; with the increase of incoming sediment amount, a large amount of sediment silts the channel and shows a trend of tracing source siltation, and silting up the river bed. At the top of the silt section, the water jump, the water level increases sharply, and even the floodplain causes disaster. Thus, it can be seen that the decrease of upstream sediment and sediment carrying capacity of water flow will lead to the deposition of the river bed to varying degrees, which will result in the change of the river bed shape, especially in the broad-narrow reach where the sediment is liable to silt, and the water level increases greatly, which is the flood flood area. It should be regarded as the key area of prevention and control of water and sediment disasters.
【作者單位】： 四川大學(xué)水力學(xué)與山區(qū)河流開發(fā)保護(hù)國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室水利水電學(xué)院;
【基金】：國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目(51579163;51639007) 國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃資助項(xiàng)目(2016YFC0402302)
【分類號(hào)】：P333.4;TV147

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