本文選題：風(fēng)化層 + 雨洪調(diào)蓄　； 參考：《生態(tài)學(xué)報(bào)》2017年13期

【摘要】：風(fēng)化層是陸地表面經(jīng)各種風(fēng)化作用而形成的疏松堆積層,是雨洪調(diào)蓄的天然場所,對(duì)流域水資源管理有著重要意義。從復(fù)雜開放系統(tǒng)論的觀點(diǎn)出發(fā),結(jié)合近年來國內(nèi)外對(duì)風(fēng)化層雨洪調(diào)蓄特征的研究,分析了風(fēng)化層在流域雨洪調(diào)蓄中的生態(tài)機(jī)理。主要研究了風(fēng)化層的概念、風(fēng)化層雨洪調(diào)蓄的組成與時(shí)空結(jié)構(gòu);解釋了風(fēng)化層集水、蓄水、凈水、養(yǎng)水、供水功能等方面的雨洪調(diào)蓄功能;分析了風(fēng)化層與地形地貌、生境、地質(zhì)、土壤、大氣、能量以及人類活動(dòng)等流域環(huán)境要素的生態(tài)關(guān)系。研究表明:(1)流域風(fēng)化層具有重要的雨洪調(diào)蓄特征,是由其特有的物質(zhì)組成與時(shí)空結(jié)構(gòu)特征決定的,正常發(fā)揮風(fēng)化層的雨洪調(diào)蓄功能,流域中的水為健康的"活水",不同流域風(fēng)化層的物質(zhì)組成和結(jié)構(gòu)的時(shí)空變化極大,其雨洪調(diào)蓄功能的發(fā)揮機(jī)制也極其復(fù)雜,采用常規(guī)定量研究方法幾乎不可能掌握其機(jī)理,應(yīng)采用復(fù)雜開放系統(tǒng)理論和方法開展研究;(2)風(fēng)化層是流域系統(tǒng)的一個(gè)子系統(tǒng),與其它流域環(huán)境要素之間是相互聯(lián)系和相互作用的,過去我們通常采用的"排水范式"解決局部問題以期改善整個(gè)流域系統(tǒng)問題的治理思路是行不通的,已不適應(yīng)今后的風(fēng)化層雨洪調(diào)蓄生態(tài)學(xué)研究,還極可能衍生新的系統(tǒng)問題;(3)將流域視為一個(gè)復(fù)雜開放系統(tǒng),國外流域生態(tài)學(xué)家提出了生態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)(Ecostructures)的概念,強(qiáng)調(diào)流域系統(tǒng)自身生態(tài)能力的發(fā)揮,將土壤-植被-大氣連續(xù)體(SVA)研究擴(kuò)展到風(fēng)化層-生境-能量連續(xù)體(RHE)的生態(tài)耦合研究。因此建議,采取"邊學(xué)邊做"(Learning by Doing)的流域適應(yīng)性管理,應(yīng)當(dāng)是今后流域風(fēng)化層雨洪調(diào)蓄管理的重要方向。
[Abstract]:Weathering layer is a loose accumulation layer formed by various weathering on the land surface. It is a natural place for rain flood regulation and storage. It is of great significance to the management of water resources in river basin.From the point of view of complex open system theory, the ecological mechanism of weathering layer in rain-flood regulation and storage in river basin is analyzed by combining the research on the characteristics of storm-flood regulation of weathered beds at home and abroad in recent years.This paper mainly studies the concept of weathering layer, the composition and space-time structure of storm-flood regulation and storage in weathering layer, explains the storm-flood regulation and storage function of weathering layer, water storage, purification water, water conservation, water supply function, and analyzes weathering layer, landform and landform, habitat, etc.The ecological relationship of geological, soil, atmospheric, energy and human activities.The study shows that the weathered layer in the basin has important characteristics of storm-flood regulation and storage, which is determined by its unique material composition and space-time structure, and normally exerts the function of storm-flood regulation and storage of weathered layer.The water in the basin is a healthy "living water". The material composition and structure of weathered layers in different basins vary greatly in time and space, and the mechanism of its function of regulating and storing rain and flood is extremely complicated. It is almost impossible to master its mechanism by using conventional quantitative research methods.The weathering layer is a subsystem of the basin system and is interlinked and interacted with other watershed environmental elements.In the past, the "drainage paradigm" that we usually used to solve local problems in order to improve the whole drainage system is not feasible, and it is not suitable for the future study of weathering, stormwater and stormwater regulation and storage ecology.It is also very likely that new system problems will arise. The watershed is regarded as a complex open system. Foreign watershed ecologists have put forward the concept of ecological structure (Ecostructures), which emphasizes the exertion of the ecological capacity of the watershed system itself.The study of soil vegetation-atmosphere continuum (SVA) was extended to the ecological coupling study of weathering layer, habitat and energy continuum (RHEs).Therefore, it is suggested that the adaptive management of river basin should be an important direction in the management of weathering, stormwater and flood storage in the future.
【作者單位】： 山西大學(xué)環(huán)境與資源學(xué)院;
【基金】：山西省科技重大專項(xiàng)資助(20121101011) 國家自然科學(xué)青年基金項(xiàng)目(41201277)
【分類號(hào)】：TV213.4

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本文編號(hào)：1759989